Common Linux terminal commands

First, the file directory class
1. Create directory: mkdir directory name
2. Delete Empty directory: RmDir directory name
3. Unconditional deletion of subdirectories: RM-RF directory Name
4. Change the current directory: CD directory name (go to User home directory: cd ~; go to the top level directory: CD-)
5. View your directory: PWD
6. View the current directory size: Du
7. Display directory file list: Ls-l (-A: Add display hidden directory)
Where: Blue: directory; green: executable file; red: compressed file; light blue: Link file; Gray: other files; red background white: Wrong link file
8. Browse Files: More file names. txt;less filename. txt
9. Copy files: CP source file Target file (-r: Include directory)
10. Find File: (1) Find (2) Locate command name
11. Link: (1) Establish hard link: ln source file Link file (-d: Create directory link), (2) Establish symbolic Link: ln-s source file Link file

Two. Drive Mount class
1. Check the drive usage: df-t-H
2. Check the disk partition: Fdisk-l
3. Mount the soft hard light zone: mount-t/dev/fdx|hdax/mnt/directory Name
Including:: Modos--fat16;vfat--fat32;ntfs--ntfs; optical drive--iso9660
Support Chinese name: Mount-o iocharset=x/dev/hdax/mnt/directory Name (where: x=cp936 or
Mount Optical drive: mount-t auto/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom
Mount ISO file: mount-t iso9660-o loop Xxx.iso/path
4. Release mount: umount/mnt/directory Name
Remove all mounts: umount-a
5. Establish file system: Mkfs-t/dev/hdxx. Among them: Ftype:ext2, ext3, swap, etc.

Three. Program Installation class
1.RPM Package Installation: (1) Install RPM-IVH somesoft.rpm
(2) Anti-installation rpm-e somefost.rpm
(3) Query rpm-q somefost or Rpm-qpi somefost.rpm (where: P not installed; I contains information)
(4) query after installation location: RPM-QL somefost.rpm
(5) Upgrade installation: RPM-UVH somesoft.rpm
(6) Forced installation: Rpm-ivh--nodeps somesoft.rpm or RPM-IVH--nodeps--force somesoft.rpm

2. Source Code Package Installation:
Read the Readme
Basic usage (1) configuration: Unzip the directory./configure
(2) Compile: Unzip directory make
(3) Install: Unzip directory make install
Installation of 3.src.rpm
You need to use the Rpmbuild command plus the--rebuild parameter. such as Rpmbuild--rebuild ***.src.rpm. and find it under the/usr/src/.
3.FC3 ISO program installation: System-config-packages--isodir=iso Directory
RH under ISO program installation: Redhat-config-packages--isodir=iso Directory

Four. Compression Decompression class
1.tar.gz class: (1) Extract: Tar-xvzf file. tar.gz; (2) tar.gz to tar:gzip-d file. tar.gz (2) Compression: gzip files for compression
2.tar Uncompressed class: (1) Unpacking: TAR-XVF file. tar; (2) Packaging: TAR-CVF file. tar file list
3.zip class: (1) Extract: Unzip file. zip-d dir; (2) Compression: Zip ZipFile List of files to be compressed
4.BZ2 class: (1) Extract: Bunzip2 file. bz2 or bzip2-d file. bz2; (2) Compression: BZIP2 files to be compressed
5.z class: (1) Extract: Uncompress file. Z; (2) Compression: Compress file

Five. Process Control class
1. List the current process Id:ps-auxw
2. Terminating the process: (1) terminating a single process: Kill process ID Number
(2) Terminate the program All processes: Killall program name
(3) Termination of X-window program: Xkill
3. View Resource Usage: (1) Top (2) Free (3) DMESG
4. View environment variable values: ENV
5. Restart: (1) Reboot (2) Ctrl Alt Del (3) Init 6
6. Shutdown: (1) Shutdown-h now (2) halt (3) Init 0
7. Switch Desktop: Switchdesk gnome| Kde| ...

Six. Program Run class

1. Query command: Whereis command name
2. Background Run X-window Program: Program Name &
3. Forced exit X-window Program: Ctrl Alt Backspace
4. View Help:
(1) Concise help: command name--help | Less
(2) More help: Man command name
(3) Info command name
(4) Help command name
5. View the system path: Echo $PATH
6. View the current shell stack: Echo $SHLVL
7.<: input/output redirection; |: Pipeline left input is pipe right input

Seven. User account class

1. Add user account: (1) User name: AddUser user account name
(2) Set Password: passwd user account name
2. Delete user account: Userdel user account name
3. Add user group: Groupadd user Group name
4. Delete user group: Groupdel user Group name
5. Temporarily terminate user account: Passwd-l user account name
6. Restore the terminated account: Passwd-u user account name
7. Permission settings

(1) Chmod-a|u|g|o |-|=r|w|x File/directory Name
Where: a--all users, u--(user), g--User Group (group), o--other users
--Add permissions,---delete permissions; =--set permissions
File: r--read-only permission (read), w--Write permission (write), x--Execute permission (execute)
Directory: r--allows files and subdirectories under the column directory; w--allows you to generate and delete files under directories; x--allow access to the directory
(2) chmod xxx File/directory name
of which: execute=1;write=2;read=4
X value: 0--does not have any permissions (common); 2--can only be written (uncommon); 3--can only be written and executed (uncommon); 4--read-only (common); 5--read-Only and execute (common); 6--reads and writes (common); Write and Execute

Eight. VI Editing class
1. Enter after the command mode: (1) Insert I; (2) Open 0; (3) Modify C; (4) Replace R; (5) Replace S
2. Enter full screen editing mode after (1).
3. Command mode--edit mode (a/i), edit mode--command mode (ESC), Command mode--and last line mode (:).
4.:w/w NewFile Save
5.:q/q! Exit Iv;:wq Save exit

Nine. Network services
1. Display Network interface parameters: Ifconfig
2. Display System mail: Mail
3. Start/Stop Web service: Httpd-k start|stop|restart
4. View network Status: (1) Online Status: Ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx;
(2) Display network status: Netstat, wherein: options:-a== all sockets;-l== contain network equipment;-n== digital IP;
-o== other information;-r== routing table;-t== only column TCP sockets;-u== only column UDP sockets;-w== column raw sockets;
-x== only UNIX Domain sockets

Common Linux terminal commands