Comparison of CDMA2000 1X and GPRS network

Introduction: This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two networks by comparing the network features of CDMA2000 1X and GPRS, the transition to 3G, the cost of upgrading and the data service.

CDMA2000 1X with GPRS belong to 2.5G Mobile communication network, mainly to solve the provision of packet data services to establish. The following several aspects of the CDMA2000 1X and GPRS comparison.

First, CDMA2000 1X relative to the network advantage of GPRS

1. Network structure

CDMA2000 1X circuit domain and packet domain structure is clear, the network structure is simple. Easy to maintain and plan.

The CDMA circuit domain and the grouping domain only have the interface in the BSC, the other place does not have any correlation. The boundaries between the circuit domain and the grouping field are very clear. The benefits of clear structure, one is from the circuit to support the group to upgrade the simple, another advantage is the development of fast, easy to mature and commercial. In addition, when the network problems, positioning, maintenance is relatively simple. In the hope of phased investment in the case, you can initially on the circuit domain, and then gradually upgraded to support grouping, upgrade convenient, thus saving investment. (Computer science)

2, support mobile IP, enhance the authentication function

CDMA2000 1X supports mobile IP features, mobile IP provides a lot of benefits, one of the point is in mobile IP provides a very rich authentication capabilities, including MN (mobile network) and FA (foreign agent) between the authentication, MN and HA (home agent) between the authentication , the FA and ha between the powers of authentication. These authentication functions increase the security of the system. GPRS does not support mobile IP functionality.

3, support routing optimization, there will be no circuitous route

By supporting routing optimization, the user's business data can be realized directly from the end to the user's visit, without the user's attribution. Thus avoiding the existence of circuitous routing.

4, the support of the IPv6 good, easy to IPv6 development

Mobile IP already has the standard to support IPV6, and for the IPv4 to IPV6

Some problems in the coexistence period of the upgrade process are considered accordingly. Better provide support for IPV6.

5, the support of the enterprise network is good

CDMA 1X requires support for a variety of tunneling protocols, which provides good technical support for the Enterprise network. In addition, mobile IP has the concept of home, users can easily participate in the home communication. These all provide good support for the enterprise network.

6, for the previous indications of good compatibility, upgrade easy

Compared with the previous 2G network, the network side circuit domain changes very small, and the interface of the group domain is simple. As long as the superposition of the group domain can be upgraded to CDMA 1X.

7, the realization of flexible, easy to implement the specific functions of operators

Many of the CDMA 1X protocols do not have specific requirements, but are made by operators

To decide how to implement it. And it uses mostly IETF standards, and the combination of technologies has no specific requirements. It is easy for operators to implement specific functions through specific methods.

8, easy to upgrade to the future full IP

Because of its protocol from the IETF, it is helpful to realize the combination of wired network and wireless network, and make full use of the business characteristics of wired network. Smooth transition of its network to a full IP network.

9, spread spectrum, coding, power control and other technologies to enhance system capacity

With advanced spread spectrum coding and power control technology, CDMA2000 1X can

To provide a larger user capacity than GPRS, which is one of the important reasons why all 3G systems are based on the CDMA system. GPRS is the enhancement of GSM system in the group domain, and there is insufficient in the user capacity.

10, covering the big

CDMA2000 1X is used in 800M band, compared with 900M GSM and GPRS, CAN

Provide better space coverage and depth coverage, so that when the initial network, you can achieve a wide coverage, low capacity of the network, the number of users to develop to a certain scale and then continue to expand, so as to achieve the development of network construction operators.

11. Frequency Resources

CDMA2000 1X occupies a new 800M band, the frequency of rich resources. and GPRS

is to use the GSM 900M band. GSM frequency resources are very scarce in many areas, GPRS is a packet business, each user occupies more than voice frequency resources, resulting in a further lack of frequency resources GPRS, thus restricting the number of GPRS users.

12, soft switching and more soft switch use to improve voice quality, reduce the loss of words

CDMA2000 1X adopts advanced soft switching and softer switching, which reduces the drop-rate and improves voice quality. Coupled with CDMA advanced coding and power control, so that the user's voice quality is clear, these aspects make the CDMA voice quality and GSM and GPRS compared to have a greater improvement.

13, pseudo-random sequence spread spectrum, increase security

CDMA was originally the military communication standards, gradually to civilian, inherent in the confidentiality of the advantages. Advanced spread spectrum coding and air interface encryption technology to ensure the security of user communication.

Second, to 3G transition comparison

In the Wireless access Network section, GPRS is based on TDMA, if upgraded to WCDMA or

TD-SCDMA, need to rebuild the base station, only part of the supporting resources, such as power supplies can be recycled.

CDMA2000 1X Technology is transitioning to 3G, CDMA 1X EV Research and standardization work is underway, and its first enhanced version of 1X EV do (HDR) has been accepted by the ITU as an international standard, and the 1X EV do standard is being developed. 1X EV do is a wireless technology designed entirely for packet data services, and the peak rate available in a 1.25MHz bandwidth is 2.4mbit/s, which has reached the speed requirement of the ITU for three generations of systems. When using HDR technology, packet-data services are still processed using packet-domain devices (PDSN and PCF), eliminating the need for additional network units. Since HDR is identical to CDMA 1x/is-95 in RF, it simply updates the HDR channel Board in the original CDMA 1X base station and upgrades the software.

In the core network part, GPRS core network and 3G packet domain core network can achieve smooth upgrade and evolution. The whole structure of 3G packet core network is consistent with GPRS core network, and it is updated only in wireless network interface, network protocol and so on. And be able to maintain backward compatibility. The basic structure of the partial circuit domain and the grouping domain of the CDMA core network remain unchanged, only need to make a simple update. In the core network part of the two basically can maintain smooth transition. The above is only part of the function, if due to the user's business ability or the increase in the number of users, in addition to upgrades, the necessary expansion and increase the equipment is also essential, the specific reliance on the current network equipment capabilities.

Third, network speed comparison

With the circuit-type data services, mobile users for a long time exclusive certain wireless resources are different

Is that, under the packet data service, all mobile users share wireless resources, and each user only dynamically requests and consumes wireless resources when there is a business data transfer, so the group data method can be used to achieve "forever online". such as GPRS peak rate of 115.2KBIT/S,CDMA 1X system Peak rate of 153.6kbit/s, so compared with the circuit-type data services, packet data services are more suitable for mobile internet services. But on the other hand, because of the group business, multiple mobile users share certain wireless resources, so although packet services can have a high peak service rate, the average service rate is still low during the data transfer period, while the ratio of average business rate to peak service rate is also an important index to measure system technology. In recent years, the average service rate of GPRS can reach the average service rate of 20KBIT/S-40KBIT/S,CDMA 1X as 70kbit/s-80kbit/s. Comparatively speaking, CDMA2000 1X technology is more mature than GPRS technology. If the number of network users increased to a certain extent, resulting in the problem of frequency resources more prominent, then each GPRS user can use the bandwidth will be further reduced.

Iv. comparison of the cost of upgrading construction

IS-95 system is the world's first CDMA mobile system, has been in the world for more than 10 years of testing and operations, has been proven to be a very stable system. The CDMA2000 1X system inherits the experience of the IS-95 system in networking and system optimization, and further expands the business rate, and further improves the system capacity by introducing some advanced wireless technologies.

The CDMA2000 1X system is fully backward compatible with the IS-95 system in the air interface. In the core network, the CDMA2000 1X system continues to use the core network of IS-95 system as its circuit domain to deal with circuit-type business, such as voice service and circuit-type data services, and new packet-domain devices (PDSN and PCF) are added to the system to process packet data services. Therefore, in the construction of CDMA2000 1X system, the original IS-95 network equipment can continue to use, as long as the new addition of the packet-domain equipment. In the base station, due to IS-95 and 1X compatibility, you can only update the channel board, and the system software upgrades, you can upgrade the IS-95 base station to the CDMA 1X base station. Unicom has adopted this kind of upgrade scheme in CDMA network construction. Since the CDMA2000 1X system has good compatibility, there are now a number of manufacturers can provide CDMA 1X commercial equipment. The actual test results show that for voice service, the capacity of 1X system is 1 of IS-95 system. 6 times times.

GPRS base station can be upgraded through software on the basis of GSM base station, in the core network, we need to increase service GPRS support node SGSN, GPRS support node GGSN, Group control unit PCU and so on.

Wireless air interface part, GPRS need new, CDMA 1X if use the same frequency band can realize software upgrade, if use different frequency band, need to replace RF module.

Overall, in the upgrade from 2G to 2.5G, from CDMA is-95a to CDMA2000 1X than from GSM to GPRS more simple, smooth, investment should be less.

WCDMA's main operators will come from the current GSM operators, for GSM operators, the ideal evolution is GSM→GPRS→EDGE/WCDMA, that is, first through the GPRS to establish a new packet domain core network, and then introduce EDGE/WCDMA to improve the business rate. However, GPRS in the recent test results are not very good, so the promotion of WCDMA will have a certain impact. At the same time, because WCDMA has found more problems in the development, WCDMA Business plan has been postponed repeatedly.

In the second part has introduced the CDMA2000 1X and GPRS to 3G transition, no longer repeat. The specific investment analysis, because the equipment price uncertainty, therefore difficult to give the concrete data, but from the operation simplicity as well as the promotion smooth and so on aspect, the CDMA 1X undoubtedly occupies the superiority.

V. Comparison of mobile data service development

GPRS average business rate can reach 20KBIT/S-40KBIT/S,CDMA 1X average business rate of 70kbit/s-80kbit/s, it can be said that, from the rate, their impact on the business is not small, with the same low speed data services, basically CMDMA 1 x can provide the data service, GPRS can also provide. On a business platform, both can be based on JAVA,CDMA 1X and also support brew. Since Brew is a mobile operating system + platform developed by Qualcomm on its own chip, it is highly efficient.

In short, technology is not CDMA2000 1X with GPRS in the mobile data business competition, the main contradiction, business attractiveness, content richness, mobile data value chain strategy, with SP cooperation and so is the key to competition.