Comparison of programming languages and tools

Comparison of programming languages and tools
Content

• Programming Language
• Programming tools

   
This article compares various languages, including syntax and execution, variables and expressions, mathematics and logic, strings, regular expressions, dates and times, variable arrays, dictionaries, functions, execution control, exceptions, concurrency, and file, object, inheritance and polymorphism, reflection, network and web, unit testing and so on.
    
However, I 'd like to know the design philosophy of these languages, but unfortunately I do not ~
 

Programming Language

Interpreted Languages: JavaScript, PHP, Python, and Ruby. Compared with compiled languages, source code is not directly translated into machine languages. Instead, it is first translated into intermediate code, and then interpreted and run the intermediate code by the interpreter. Therefore, interpreter programs do not need to be compiled and are translated into machine languages at runtime. Each execution must be translated once. Therefore, the efficiency is relatively low and the interpreter is dependent on, but cross-platform performance is good.

More Interpreted Languages (More Interpreted Languages): Perl, Tcl, Lua, Groovy

Operating System Automation: POSIX Shell, Cmd.exe, and PowerShell. These languages are a command line shell and script environment.

GUI Scripting (GUI script): Smalltalk, AutoHotkey, AppleScript

Stack-Oriented Languages (Stack-Oriented language): Forth, PostScript

Prolog and Erlang: Prolog, Erlang

Lisp Dialects (Lisp dialect): Common Lisp, Racket, Clojure, Emacs Lisp

C ++ Style Languages (C ++-Style language): C ++, Objective-C, Java, C #

C, Go, and Dart: C, Go, Dart

Pascal Style programming ages (Pascal-Style language): Pascal, Ada, PL/pgSQL

Rust, Swift, Scala: Rust, Swift, Scala

ML Dialects and Haskell: SML, OCaml, F #, Haskell

Numerical Analysis & Statistics (Numerical Analysis and Statistics): MATLAB, R, NumPy

Relational Data programming ages (Relational Data Language): SQL, Awk, Pig

Fortran and APL: Fortran, APL

Gnuplot, GLPK, Coq: Gnuplot, GLPK, Coq

Computer Algebra Software (Computer Algebra Software): Mathematica, SymPy, GAP, Pari/GP

Programming tools

Unix Shells: ash, Fish, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh

Text Mode Editors (Text Editor): Vim, Emacs, Nano

Version Control: Git, Mercurial

Build Tools: Make, Rake, Ant, and MSBuild

Terminal Multiplexers (): Screen, Tmux

Relational Databases (Relational Database): PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite

Lightweight Markup (Lightweight tag): Markdown, reStructuredText, MediaWiki, AsciiDoc, Org-mode

2D Vector Graphics (2D Vector Graphics): PostScript, Processing, SVG

References

• Http://hyperpolyglot.org/