Compile a simple Photoshop tutorial

Since I was interested in graphics and images during my undergraduate course, I can play with PS and AI. Therefore, many people asked me to help me with some pictures no matter when I was a undergraduate or graduate student, I remember that when I joined a major project that year, I helped CRI employees to process some images and many images. During his postgraduate entrance exam, he also gave his girlfriend three Photoshop image processing courses to his friends in the chemical laboratory because of this small skill. I have helped a lot of people. Sometimes I really want them to come to me to help me and teach them how to deal with a picture that meets their requirements. Haha, this idea seems to make people think that I am a little forced. In addition to doing academic papers, there are also interface development-related things that may be used by others several times, then you may not be able to get it all your life. I am the one who wants my help. As long as I have the ability, I will do my best to help. I am also embarrassed to have a small phenomenon. Many of my classmates and friends asked me for help. They asked me if I was absent first? Are you free ?... I knew what was going on at first glance, and said: I don't have to wait for my reply next time. I will describe the requirement and then give the information to me. I will handle it as soon as I see it, I seldom access the Internet at work and study. Then they will ask if I am not there? Wait for me ...... Alas, I think I am such a person, and I like helping people very much, because I think helping people is a happy thing, and I don't think it is troublesome or something else, because it is not a thing for me, isn't it a good thing to help others be happy?

Writing this small article also feels that this is the most common and practical thing in our daily life. I hope it will help you. Okay, no nonsense. Let's get started!

Basic Image Knowledge

• Related Concepts and knowledge

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1. Image Format

Bitmap: it can also be called a pixel chart. The smallest unit is a pixel. After the bitmap is enlarged, it is found that the image is composed of different color blocks. Each block is a pixel. Usually, the photos taken by our mobile phones and digital cameras are bitmap. Our Photoshop software is also a bitmap processing software.

Vector: It is often used together with bitmap, and it is also confusing. A vector graph is an image represented by geometric elements such as vertices, straight lines, or polygon based on mathematical equations in graphics. Vector images can be infinitely enlarged without image distortion. Vector graphs can only be generated by software. Adobe's illustrator illustration software is a vector graph generation software.

Save format: The most common image formats (all Bitmap) are JPG, PNG, GIF, BMP, and ico. jpg is also JPEG, PNG adopts a lossless compression algorithm, and its file size is much smaller than JPG, it supports the alpha channel mode and can have transparent effects (PS: the formats of QQ screenshots are PNG); GIF is a dynamic image format, which is also lossless compression, supports 256 colors (that is, 8-bit colors, which will be explained below) and a single transparent color. BMP does not use any compression, so its file will be large, it is rarely used on the network compared to the previous one. ICO is the icon format of an application, which is used during application development. Others are rarely used. Popular formats in the network are JPG, GIF, and PNG. currently popular mobile development such as Android development uses mostly image formats.

2. image mode and bit depth

Bit depth: bit is the smallest storage unit of a computer. It is used to store a pixel in the image field. The more digits, the richer the color. 1 bit indicates that one pixel is a one-bit color, and 8 bit indicates a color, which contains 256 colors (that is, 256 gray level) of 2 to the power of 8, for example, there will be a 256 moderate gray color between the white and the black as a transitional color); the larger the bit depth, the richer the color, so the image size is also very large, the formula is: the resolution of the image is * bit depth/8.

RGB mode: the most widely used. RGB is the three primary colors red, green, and blue. You can set different values for the three color channels and then obtain different colors, the color depth can be 1-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit;

CMYK mode: If printing is not involved, this mode is rarely involved in our daily work. It is the best printing mode, c Indicates blue cyan, M indicates foreign red Magenta, y indicates yellow, K indicates black;

Index Mode and lab mode: These two modes are hardly involved, but note the following about the Index Mode: we use Photoshop to open an image. The first thing we do is to see the color pattern of the image, because some filters, exposures, saturation, and so on will not be available in the indexing mode;

3. Image Size

Image size is also the first issue that must be clarified in image processing. This directly involves processing whether it meets your needs. At the same time, some websites have the most important restrictions on the resolution, length, and width of uploaded photos, so this is very important. Unit of size: pixels (that is, points), centimeters, and millimeters. Commonly Used pixels;

Common dimension requirements:

ID card photo specifications: 358 pixels (width) × 441 pixels (height), resolution: 350 DPI, Photo size: 26mm × 32mm; color mode: 24-bit RGB true color;

1-inch photo size: 8 photos of 35mm x 25mm in 5-inch photo paper (12.7x 8.9 cm;

2-inch photo size: four copies of 35mm x 49mm in 5-inch photo paper (12.7x 8.9 cm;

Image size calculation: image resolution * bit depth/8;

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• How to create a file that meets your requirements

Through the above explanation, it is not difficult to create a file that meets the requirements? Before creating a new project, I figured out: what is the size (resolution) I need? Is there any size limit for my photos? If yes, what is the minimum size? What is the maximum size?

For the size limit, we can know through the image calculation formula that there is also a bit depth, so selecting different bit depths for the same resolution will get different sizes, so this is also a small skill! So what if I set the required resolution and the appropriate bit depth (usually the minimum is 8 bits), but my images still do not meet my processing requirements? Don't panic at this time! No matter what other processing we do first, we will explain this problem when the last step is saved. At the end of saving, the following dialog box will be displayed (save as JPG, for example, other formats such as GIF do not have such settings ):

We can select the quality (low, medium, high, or optimal) or directly set the value. You will preview the checkbutton on the right and there will be a 68.9k value, this is the position where the image size is displayed after you set it. You can refer to this for settings.

Brief Introduction to various menu bar and tools of Photoshop

• Common menus

New: This is commonly used to create, open, store, and store data. We all know it;

Edit: This menu and the Image menu will be the longest to use, so after reading this article, you can carefully learn about these two menus.

Among them, the most commonly used are: Forward (CTRL + Shift + Z), backward (CTRL + ALT + Z), fill (SHIFT + F5), stroke, free conversion (CTRL + T), conversion (SHIFT + Ctrl + T ). TIPS: Remembering their shortcut keys will make you more comfortable, and make others look like you think you are awesome! The conversion function is similar to the free conversion function, if you need to rotate, flip, perspective, deformation, and other operations during the conversion, you can right-click the menu to bring up the function, just like pressing CTRL + Shift + T.

Image menu: Commonly Used modes (RGB, CMYK, etc.), adjustment (exposure, color and saturation, etc.), image size (CTRL + ALT + I), canvas size (CTRL + ALT + C), cropping, image rotation;

As mentioned above, to open a file, you should first look at the color mode. Generally, the color mode is RGB by default. If not, you can switch through the "Mode" menu; if you want to process a good photo, before adjusting the color saturation, you must first adjust the exposure and correct the exposure settings, otherwise, you will not be satisfied with the color settings. Here, you need to pay special attention to the image size adjustment, whether it is when creating a file, if you do not set the size correctly or open an existing image, you need to set the resolution here:

If you want to maintain the original length/width ratio, select "constraint ratio". If not, uncheck this option to customize the size. We use less canvas size, the setting is also relatively simple, that is, to change the size of the canvas without changing the size of other layers. Sometimes there are white edges and other unwanted edges. We can use the selection tool to select the area to stay and then use the "crop" menu to crop the image; image rotation can be said to be the aforementioned "free conversion (CTRL + T)" menu function, which can be 90 degrees, 180 degrees of rotation and horizontal and vertical flip.

Filter menus are the most commonly used by designers, while filter menus are rarely used by others.

• Frequently used tools in image processing

1 -- box selection tool: select a local range. The selected area is represented by an ant line. You can copy Ctrl + C and paste Ctrl + V, and right-click the area to change the selection area, and click Yu, you can set the fading effect when you select the "yu" mode. You can adjust the color of the area and other unexpected operations;

2 -- select a tool: Click the tool to select or move it;

3 -- Font: After selecting the font, click a place to enter the text. Then, the font style will be changed like the word, and a separate character window will be introduced below;

4 -- Eraser: it is the same as in reality. If you are not satisfied, it will be erased. Here there are two parameters to note, such:

When the hardness is 100%, the intensity of the erased edge is clear and will not be blurred. The smaller the hardness, the lighter the erasure effect, similar to the feather effect. The Opacity is to set the erasure transparency. The lower the erasure effect, the lighter the erasure effect, in this way, you can set up the Bosa special effect if you want to make me better!

5/6 -- foreground color and background color: Click it to bring up the color settings for the box. Here we will teach you two shortcut keys (note that this may conflict with other software, such as your QQ ): CTRL + Delete (fill the background color) and ALT + Delete fill the foreground color;

7 -- hand capture tool: double-click the hand, and you will see the toolbar changes as follows:

You can see four buttons: the actual pixel, suitable for the screen, fill the screen, and print the size. The function is as literal as it is. At this time, the mouse pointer is also changed to the hand shape, we can press and hold the left button to move the image (TIPS: press ALT and scroll the mouse at the same time to zoom in and out the image. After the zoom in, the hand will show his role; of course, you can also perform the move operation without selecting the hand capture tool: method 1. Press and hold the Space key, and then press the left mouse button to move it. method 2. Use the navigation window to perform the operation, the following describes how to perform the operation );

• Introduction to layers/navigation/character windows

For example, in the red flag, you can see that the character window can set the font, style, size, and so on. In the navigation window, you can drag the small triangle slider to zoom in and out the image, when you zoom in, you can directly click a position in the thumbnail to locate the thumbnail or press and hold the left mouse button to move it. This is similar to the starting point function. The focus is on the layer window. See the marked new file, it is generally used to group layers to facilitate layer management; 2 is to create a new layer, each imported image will exclusive to a layer, the layer can be so understood, it is like a thousand layers of cake, different ingredients are added to each layer of the cake. Therefore, processing on each layer is like a cake, and processing on each layer is independent of each other. 3. The garbage station is used to delete the layer, you can drag the new file or layer to it to delete it;

Post-beautification of images (exposure, color tone, freckle removal, beautification, skin polishing, etc)

This topic is huge. I am not born from art, so there may be no solid theoretical foundation for talking about it. I can only simply talk about it. It is really good to feel good. Menu

As mentioned above, the first thing we do to get a good picture is to set the exposure (insufficient exposure and excessive exposure). We often use the color order, curve, color balance, color phase and saturation, and color deselected.

Color level: sets the brightness, regardless of the color. The black triangle on the left slides to the right to increase the darkness, and the white triangle on the right slides to the left to increase the brightness, the slider in the middle is to set the brightness and darkness of the intermediate adjustment;

The curve operation first shows a channel drop-down box with four channel options: RGB, red, green, and blue. Select the corresponding channel for setting. Click Generate an anchor in the map to set the slide, increase the brightness at the top of the diagonal line, and perform hidden processing at the bottom. This requires more hands-on operations to understand.

Color balance: if you have no concept or are not sensitive to color, try it on your own.

Now, let's get to it. In fact, an article can't be completely explained, but it can only be said to make everyone aware of it, then, when I handle it myself, I will have a direction or reference, and I will not be overwhelmed, so that my goal will be achieved!

Compile a simple Photoshop tutorial