Composition and production process of navigation Electronic Map

This is a small activity conducted by four-dimensional companies on Thursday (this article is only available today because it has been a little busy.ArticleIs mainly used to discuss the application and development of pedestrian navigation maps. As our manager is busy, let me see it. The event was held at the All Star restaurant on the Bar Street in the Blue Harbor. The environment was quite good.

However, although it was a product recommendation product discussion, all the requests were sent to the media. Bubble, Zhongguancun online, it168, IKA, and so on. We were our partners, it's a bit strange, but it's a pleasure. Of course, the reporters and friends present are also familiar. Who makes me a marketing department? communication and cooperation between the company and the media is naturally indispensable. The salon has a very good atmosphere, mainly because the environment is indeed quite good.

Although the salon is mainly about pedestrian navigation maps, I also talked about a lot of other content. First of all, I certainly introduced the company, four-Dimensional companies were a very good performance in the first half of this year. In the first half of this year, the pre-installed market accounted for 67.79% of the total number of pre-installed companies. four-dimensional companies in the pre-installed market certainly did not have to say anything about this, of course, the remaining share is basically occupied by AMAP, which is the monopoly of the first two companies in the market. The four-dimensional companies in the mobile phone market account for 60.47% of the shares, and Nokia's credit is certainly not small. The pre-installed Nokia map has already occupied a very large market. In addition, when the Internet market reached 74% in, it could be said that it was a four-dimensional idleness. In addition to Google's use of AMAP, the rest of the names that can be called are mostly four-dimensional company maps, of course, the declining 51 map also said, while the Internet map occupies a large market share (I did not research this point, but I have seen that many websites use mapbar basically, especially in the past, it was better to expand the form Market of city agents and alliances. Of course, the market share of mapbar will be reduced as Google Maps APIs become increasingly popular, sogou maps and Microsoft maps (I rarely use Microsoft maps) are data of four-dimensional companies.

what I was interested in at this salon was to explain how to create a navigation electronic map, I used to write an introduction to navigation electronic maps (mainly about the data organization and production of navigation maps ), I want to get started with the navigation Electronic Map Production Process of four-dimensional companies today. I made a simple record, so I will briefly talk about some points that I think are quite good. The first is the evolution or separation of maps. Simple maps have very different contents. paper maps must be the first map, because computers or monitors have less than one hundred years of history (I am right), and in this era, there will be so-called raster maps, you may see a lot of raster maps. Simply put, you can scan a paper map of the city to a computer, the images we see on the computer are even raster maps (which I understand). Of course, even Google Maps we see can be understood as raster maps, as we all know, Google map stores maps as Pyramid map image libraries, but uses vector maps to create these images. It also saves a powerful vector map content in the back-end database, even the C/S-based webmap system we often see can be understood as a raster map, although the background is a vector map server, however, a temporary image is generated on the server when it is sent to the Web end, and the user still sees the image (the understanding of the raster map may be a little narrow ). The next step is 3D models combined with remote sensing satellite image maps. Google Earth is the best promoter. Although NASA has ww and Microsoft has ve, Google Ge is the most common, it should be said that satellite image maps have been around for a long time, but we have never seen them for military purposes. The last thing we talk about is a very special navigation electronic map. What is this special feature mainly about? There are many problems, such as the issue of the national security plug-in (which is a Chinese character), such as the difficulty of making navigation electronic maps, the most special feature of navigation electronic map is that this map can be navigated (nonsense). navigation is very important, there are about 10 navigation Electronic Map suppliers in our country, but only the four and AMAP vendors that really occupy the market can demonstrate that it is not easy to do navigation electronic map, this is also the main reason I want to write an introduction to the navigation Electronic Map (but I will talk about it here ).

Navigation electronic maps are composed of roads, backgrounds, notes, and poi. Of course, they can also have many special features, for example, a 3D intersection zoomed-in diagram or a 3D Building in the Garmin game product can be used as a characteristic part of a navigation map, only navigation maps are composed of these four parts (isn't a vector electronic map composed of a dot or a line or a plane), but do not underestimate these four parts. The most difficult part is the road, although the road is a line, it is not difficult (it is not difficult or difficult for so many companies) to navigate these lines (that is, path calculation ). From the perspective of function performance, navigation electronic map requires the functions of positioning, display, index, path calculation, and guidance. However, this is a bit false, in other words, the implementation of these functions requires the support of navigation software in addition to navigation electronic maps. These four functions can be said to be the main functions of the navigation software, first, a Map Display Engine is required to display a large number of databases marked with numbers (that is, vector maps). However, positioning is a simple function to read GPS information, and indexing is a query, navigation must be targeted, and how to determine the destination involves indexing. The road and poi need to be indexed. Of course, the indexing here is one-sided, just for the name query function, the path calculation part may also require the so-called index existence, but this is not a representation query function. Path computing is the core of navigation electronic maps. Many companies are not doing well. The major reason is that the core is not doing well. Why are there two dominant situations in the map market, of course, path computing is not only a problem of map suppliers (mainly because of map suppliers), but also involves path computing by navigation software vendors. Algorithm Even if the same navigation electronic map or even the routes made by different companies are different, it depends on the technical accumulation of the navigation software company. Path computing is the key to the survival of a navigation software or a navigation product. Data companies have great responsibilities. As for how to organize the path computing road, we will not introduce it at the Conference. Next time we will give a brief introduction to the Data Organization of the navigation Electronic Map (probably data specifications, how to vectorize and so on ). Although the guiding function is listed separately, I personally think that the relationship with the navigation electronic map is not too large, more should be regarded as the functions of the navigation software (only relying on path calculation and map attributes ), the guiding function is basically represented by text guidance, map guidance, and voice guidance (this is a summary of my personal understanding, but it can also be expanded, for example, you can even add a piece of Guidance). For example, the "turn left to XX Road" that you see in the navigation software is the text guide. When you hear "turn left to XX road", this is the voice guide, the routes you see in special colors on the map, as well as the Arrow instructions when making a maneuver, are understood as map guidance. The routes can be said to be the result of path calculation, it is the performance on the map, and the speech and text content requires the support of map attributes. For example, the "XX Road" mentioned above is the map attribute, for example, the "exit on the right to go to Shanghai", the Shanghai word here requires the map attribute. In general, whether it is for navigation electronic maps or navigation software, the words "positioning display, index, path calculation, and guidance" are still very effective.

After finishing the composition of the navigation electronic map, how can we make a navigation electronic map? Maybe, just like me, you can understand it as external collection and internal processing. Strictly speaking, there are indeed two main links. Let's take a look at the four-dimensional summary: specification process determination-> basic data collection and processing (for early reference through authoritative data) -> On-Site Information Collection-> information entry-> on-site verification-> theoretical inspection, confidentiality review, and data conversion-> database seal. The four-dimensional summary is very rigorous. We just caught some carelessness. Let's take a closer look at this process. The first is the determination of the Specification process. It should be said that this is the most critical part of the navigation electronic map. The above mentioned path algorithms must comply with certain specifications, the establishment of a Specification standard is related to the quality of the entire navigation electronic map, such as the structure of the topological relationship. Although each family has its own data specification, the ease-of-use and Comprehensive considerations are different, for example, the processing of road intersection information is a relatively advanced learning (at least I think this is not easy ). The specification is the core of the core. If there is no specification, how can we make the navigation software companies use the data? Although GDF, kiwi, and other specifications are available internationally, domestic data providers still have their own set of production standards, each of which is different, navigation software companies need to interpret these data specifications for data conversion. I personally think that GDF specifications are really dazzling and difficult to understand, but it is easier to understand the specifications defined by myself in China, although the definitions of different families are different. I did not think of basic data collection and processing, but it may be ignored, but it should be necessary to think about it. For example, if you want to travel to a certain place, you will always find some routes and strategies on the Internet, for example, I will first determine the location (if the time is not enough, it will definitely not go), and then check the route, of course, whether it is fun or not is the first thing. For example, I don't like monuments or anything. I don't think I will go to tombs like the 13th mausoleum, all these information must be collected and used as an important reference. Therefore, the same is true for creating navigation electronic maps. Field Information Collection is what we understand as field data collection. It is basically a vehicle running outside and recording tracks with GPS. Of course it is not as simple as recording tracks. There is still a lot of information to be collected, for example, road names, Lane information, road speed restrictions, whether a one-way street, whether double-yellow lines, and so on, too much information needs to be collected. This is the field collection of road information, of course, the field collection also includes the collection of POI information. The collection of POI can be completed either in the road collection process or independently. After all, the names of POI can be collected at most during road operations, as for the address, phone number and other information, in addition to the information collected, there are many still need to go in and ask. It should be said that field collection is a very hard job. Let's take a look at an article about one-day job tracking by the field staff of Kay lide. After completing the field collection, you must enter the internal information. The internal information is not just as simple as the literal input, but also the name and other content based on the information provided by the External industry, in terms of road restrictions, it involves the understanding of specifications. How to display the content of prohibiting left turn in attributes is not a task that can be completed based on a simple external notification, you need to understand the data specifications. In some cases, the field data can be replaced by the field data, such as satellite images with excellent quality, the road can be produced based on satellite images, but the topological relationship still needs to be acquired from the field. Field Verification is the verification of data input. Of course, the navigation software testing of the navigation software company can also be considered as a part of field verification. It is necessary to perform theoretical checks, that is, to write some tools to verify whether the attributes meet the specifications according to the specifications. These are basically necessary tasks, is it possible for a user to directly provide data with errors in theory? Confidentiality review is actually a part of our national characteristics. It involves the deletion of many confidential content, such as military bases. However, our country seems to be too strict. To what extent? For example, the second-gun hospitals near Xinjiekou in Beijing are all targeted at civilian use, but they still need to be kept confidential and need to be deleted from the navigation electronic map data, rather than affiliated kindergartens, even all fire stations, huh, huh. Data conversion is not a simple conversion of data formats, but also a conversion of data specifications. As a non-map company staff, we can see data specifications, even including the so-called GDF specifications, in fact, they are transparent finished product specifications. In fact, the map company itself has more refined specifications, which are not open to the public, it may also be the core technology of a company. You don't need to talk about database blockout, but it is also a rigorous aspect of four-dimensional companies. Although I also think that data companies are not rigorous. Database blockout means that the map data is about to be released, and no changes are made. This version of map data has come to an end.

well, let's talk about it today. It took two hours to write these messy texts. The original question was the four-dimensional navigation map recommendation Salon, however, I finally changed it to the production of navigation electronic maps. I can see that the above three sections actually deviate from my purpose to only introduce salons, the introduction to navigation electronic maps that I 've been trying to write is replaced by this document. It's a bit wide and generic, and it's also messy, but I also explained how navigation electronic maps are generated from the beginning to the end. I will discuss more details about data types and data processing in the future. You are welcome to join us in the GIS field.