Computer basic noun (ii)

2. North Bridge: High-speed bus
   

4. South Bridge: Low Speed bus

6. Process: an instance of a program run, a copy

8. Process Context Switch: The time that the CPU is allocated to the program to run is fragmented. If the CPU time has elapsed since the program ran the second instruction, process switching is required. You must save all the state of the current process, called the protection field, before switching. And when it is time to run the program to switch to the CPU, and revert to the original state, known as the recovery site.

10. The kernel is responsible for completing the process switchover, thus occupying the CPU's resources and memory resources. However, there is no productivity in this process. Therefore, if process switching is too frequent, it is inefficient.

12. Gcc:gnu C complier. Procedure: Preprocessing--compile--and link

14. IO controller, adapter: integrated into the internal controller, external to the adapter. Among them are the keyboard IO controller, the hard disk IO controller, etc., which functions to execute the instructions from the CPU to the hardware, and convert the electrical characteristics into the digital characteristics of the tool.

16. The process comes from the parent process fork itself. If LS is executed under the shell, the parent process of LS is the shell

18. The parent process applies first to the kernel, starting a structure. The child process starts without its own memory, but instead points to the memory space of the parent process to load its own program.

20. Best ratio: User space/Kernel space = 7/3

22. Linux: Full Name Gnu/linux

24. Gpl:general public License. The GPL is too restrictive, so other open source agreements such as the BSD agreement, the Apache agreement, etc. later appear. They are all looser than the GPL, even if their own programs or 10% of projects can be considered self-developed.

26. LGPL: A more lenient and simple GPL that can call someone else's library for commercial use, in the form of a library call.

28. Open source is not free, others still have copyright, so they cannot infringe the copyright of others.

30. Copyrights: Copyright. Open Source Copyright: copyleft

32. Three major Linux distributions: Redhat,suse,debian

34. Kernel Features: File system, network protocol stack, process management, encryption/decryption, driver (kernel and hardware before bridge)

36. Address space: Rom+ram

38. ROM: Power-on self-test, the part of the CPU addressing address space.

40. Library: Two-time encapsulated system calls may also be only for some simple functions of encapsulation.

42. POSIX specification: Portable operating system. The goal is to migrate the application. Linux follows the POSIX specification and follows the standard API.

44. An ABI is required for the application to run.

46. Init: The first process of the operating system (referred to as Linux), which is specifically responsible for generating other processes, for all processes of the parent process, the user space to start the first process, for the kernel of the messenger.

48. RC version: Release Candidate releases candidate

50. Kernel version: Main version mainline, stable version stable, long-term maintenance version longterm

52. Kernel version number: Major version number (introducing a new mechanism). Minor version number (major change). Correction number (issue number, such as Bug fix)

54. Linux Terminal:

    1. Serial Terminal:/dev/ttys#

    2. Physical Terminal: Terminal/dev/console during system initialization

    3. Virtual Terminal: A terminal that is attached to a physical terminal and capable of switching. At this point the system has been started, such as Tty1~tty6

    4. Pseudo-terminal: Also known as Analog terminal, terminal for remote connection terminal or GNOME interface selection. such as pts/#

56. Linux Philosophy thought:

    1. All documents

    2. Complete complex tasks with a single application for many purposes, a program that only completes one thing

    3. Try to avoid interacting with users

    4. Saving configuration information using a text file

    5. Provide a mechanism, not a policy

58. The meaning of free software:

    1. Free to use

    2. Free Learning and modification

    3. Free to create derivative versions

60. The directory is not a folder, but an index
    

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Computer basic noun (ii)