Computer hardware and Computer Configuration knowledge Encyclopedia

Computer hardware and Computer Configuration knowledge Encyclopedia. This article from the CPU, graphics, memory, motherboard, hard disk and other computer hardware introduction, including a variety of brands, parameters and performance and other aspects of the comparison. Small knitting Belt You know the most complete computer configuration knowledge, computer users are not familiar with the attention, computer knowledge is actually very simple oh.

First, processor CPU knowledge

Classification of ①CPU

CPU brands have two camps, respectively, Intel (Intel) and AMD, the two industry bosses almost monopolize the CPU market, we take apart the computer to see, but also Intel and AMD brand (of course, not excluding the extremely small cottage of the CPU). Intel's CPUs are divided into Pentium (Pentium), Celeron (Celeron) and core (core™). Its performance from high to Low is also core>pentium>celeron. AMD's CPU is divided into Semporn (Flash Dragon) and Athlon (Fast Dragon), the performance of course is Athlon better than Semporn.

The frequency of ②CPU

The CPU, often hear 2.4GHZ, 3.0GHZ, such as CPU, what does this represent? These things are similar to 2.4GHZ of the CPU is the main frequency, that is, the primary clock frequency, the unit is MHz. One of the key metrics used to measure a CPU's performance. There is also a formula for the frequency calculation. The clock frequency = FSB x frequency multiplier coefficient.

Click "My Computer" → "properties" to see the CPU type and frequency size as shown below:

What's the FSB that ③cpu mentioned?

FSB is the front-end bus, in simple terms, this thing is the CPU and the external exchange of data, the most important channel. The speed of the FSB processing also affects the performance of the CPU. What is the cache mentioned in 4.CPU? Caching refers to a memory built into the CPU for high-speed data exchange. Split-level caching (L1cache), Level two cache (L2cache), and level three caching (L3cache).

Generally, the cache size is: Level Three cache > Level two cache > level cache. Cache size is also an important metric for measuring CPU performance.

What is the CPU of the 45nm specification that ④ often mentions

Similar to 45nm these appear in the CPU of the word is actually the CPU manufacturing process, its unit is micron, for the secret system is smaller, the manufacturing process of course the more advanced, the higher the frequency, the more integrated the transistor! Now the CPU manufacturing process from micron to Nano, From 90 nm---65 nm---45 nm---to the present 32 nm---the future of the 28 nm, and then to the future of the lower, the smaller the process, the product to do the more refined, low power consumption, the smaller the volume.

What effect does the ⑤CPU core voltage have on the CPU?

Bottom line: Lower core voltages, less power consumption and fever.

The use of Cpu-z software can be detailed view of the CPU parameters of the information (pictured below, Classic machine configuration):

The current CPU performance grade distribution diagram is as follows:

Second: Graphics card knowledge

① Some people say the GPU is the soul of the graphics card, why do you say

The GPU is the core of the graphics card, responsible for most of the graphic design work, directly determines the overall performance level of the graphics card. It's not too much to say it's a graphics soul. Now the core i3 such as the CPU also integrates the GPU, the equivalent of the CPU integrated graphics card.

② video Memory is a very important indicator of the graphics card, a brief introduction

Video memory has a great impact on the performance of the graphics card. MHz is the unit of memory. Video memory is also divided into the GDR, GDR2 and GDR3, and now the GDR5 four species, there will be higher in the future. The Memory speed unit is NS. The video memory bit width indicates that there is a number of digits in the clock cycle that can transmit data, and the larger the number of bits, the larger the data volume. The memory capacity is shared and the actual memory is divided. Shared memory is the capacity of virtual memory, while virtual memory is the capacity to use the hard disk. Actual video memory performance is greater than the performance of shared memory, this is easy to confuse, is also JS fooled our place. Performance on the current GDR5>GDR3>GDR2>GDR, the current market can see the logarithmic GDR3 and GDR5 graphics cards, GDR3 the following levels of graphics cards have been eliminated.

What is the core frequency of the ③ video card?

The core frequency of the video card is the operating frequency of the core chip. The video card overclocking is usually to provide the core frequency.

④ graphics interface types are divided into which

The interface type of the video card is two kinds of AGP and pci-express. The speed of pci-express is faster than that of AGP, and AGP has basically exited the stage of history. The AGP interface's video card is now discontinued, the channel to buy is usually second-hand trading, and performance is much the former.

Currently selling AGP interface graphics cards, such as Taobao, the price is very cheap. But these are actually on behalf of factory production, quality is certainly not the original production of good, and in order to drive down the cost, the quality of the graphics card is difficult to ensure that there are stickers, Shanzhai and other graphics cards.

⑤ independent graphics and integrated graphics which is good

First describes what is a stand-alone video card, and integrated graphics, stand-alone video card is a separate purchase of a video card, and integrated graphics is the motherboard integrated graphics card, or the current relatively new CPU integrated graphics core. General game users and large software computer configuration are independent graphics, integrated graphics due to space and other restrictions, poor performance can not meet the mainstream game and large-scale application needs, but to meet the general audio-visual entertainment and simple games or office needs, the speed is relatively not independent video card fast.

The independent video card and the integrated graphics card are the latter need to share the system memory as the video memory, the former is the individual configuration memory. Performance, integrated graphics can not be compared with the independent graphics, the former expensive. Integrated graphics and independent video cards are basically two grades!

⑥ current graphics card's chip brand

At present, there are many brands of computer graphics, such as Shadow Pool, seven rainbow, ASUS, etc. have a lot of, but the choice of graphics card core chips are Nvidia and ATI graphics chipset, chip decision card grade.

One of the Nvidia graphics cards (the world's largest graphics chip research and development and manufacturers) people like to call N card, ATI graphics card (the world's only able to compete with NVIDIA graphics card chip manufacturer) people are referred to as a card.

Attached below is a list of which graphics chipsets are preferred by the current brand graphics card

The current graphics card performance grade distribution is as follows:

Three: Memory knowledge

① What computer memory is used for.

Because memory is faster than hard disk, when the CPU starts working, it writes some of the commonly used information to memory and reads it from memory instead of from the hard disk when it is used. This reading speed is obviously faster to read the hard drive, improve the efficiency, so get a memory is necessary!

② often see for example DDR2 800 and DDR3 1333 what these represent

DDR2 refers to 2 generation of memory, memory is divided into DDR (1 generation), DDR2 (2 generation), DDR3 (3 generation), of course, performance comparison, 3 generation of performance >2 generation of >1 generation. As for similar to DDR2 800 here 800 refers to the memory bus frequency, the memory bus frequency determines the motherboard front-end bus frequency, such as DDR2 800 memory, the motherboard's front-end bus can only reach 800MHZ speed, DDR3 1333 for the memory bus frequency 1333MHZ.

What is the data bandwidth of the ③ memory?

In short, it refers to the speed of data transfer in memory. One formula is this, the data bandwidth of the memory = Bus frequency x bandwidth &pide;8. For example, DDR800 memory data Bandwidth =800 (MHZ) x64 (Bit) &pide;8=6.4 (GB/s). If you open a double channel, multiply by 2, which is 12.8gb/s. Currently using the memory is 2GB DDR3 1333, the price is only about 100 yuan, the following look at a very older DDR generation memory parameters.

Or use cpu-z software to view the detailed parameters of the memory (the following figure, Classic machine configuration):

The current mainstream memory brands are: Kingston, Granville just, delirium, Samsung, etc., the larger the memory capacity is better.

Four: Motherboard knowledge

① refer to the motherboard when it is inevitable to contact the South North Bridge chip, what is this? How to differentiate?

The main function of North Bridge chip is to control memory. Usually, the motherboard on the closest to the CPU chip is the North Bridge chip.

There is a bridge chip, it is easy to confuse with the North Bridge chip Ah! Bridge chip function is responsible for the communication between the I/O bus, such as keyboard controller, now the main motherboard has no bridge chip.

What's with the ②coms battery?

The COMs battery provides power to the BIOS chip to protect its existing information. This coms battery is a round button battery that is easily distinguishable on the motherboard. Its left and right mainly for the computer clock and BIOS in the case of power supply, which is why our computer to unplug the power plug, the next time the computer is still normal for the reason.

BIOS (Basic input/output system), Chinese full name basic input/output system, this is a ROM chip integrated on the motherboard. When you press the Del button on the boot to see the blue screen is the BIOS (most of the English interface). When you need to install the system and so on, you need to set the BIOS to be able to.

③ What are the brand choices for the motherboard? And what are the distinctions between the first-line brands and the second-tier brands?

First answer the second question and include the answer to the first question.

First-line brand: Strong research and development capabilities, the introduction of new products faster, complete product lines, occupy high-end product manufacturing. Brand has ASUS, Gigabyte and so on.

Second-line brand: The strength is slightly inferior to the first line brand, but also has the very good strength. such as Foxconn, the elite, Ying-tai and so on.

Three-wire brand: To ensure stable operation under the premise of lowering prices. High price/performance ratio. such as the motherboard of the Shuo Tai gram.

Access to the motherboard: Most of the channels, there is no manufacturing capacity, other generations of factory operators, work convenience is basically a three-tier standard.

Use Cpu-z again to view the motherboard information (pictured below, classic machine):

Does the ④ motherboard affect the speed of the machine?

Strictly speaking, we choose the main board to focus on the expansion of the speed, the stability of the motherboard is to buy a lot of attention, such as the full solid-state capacitor design of the motherboard stability than the non-solid capacitor design of the motherboard is much better, the motherboard grade is generally the motherboard chipset.

Five: Computer hard drive knowledge

①ide, SATA refers to what the hard drive?

The interface type of the hard disk is divided into IDE, SATA, and SCSI, the first two for the home computer, the latter for the server. IDE interface has exited the market, the current SATA interface is the mainstream of hard drive.

② what is the current capacity of the hard disk?

At present, the main drive capacity is 320GB, 500GB, 1TB and so on. Now the hard drive is also very cheap, 500GB 2,300 fast enough, 320G hard drive has slowly pulled out of our sight, with 2T above the volume of HDD Staff Sergeant, 1T hard drive will become mainstream.

③ What is the hard drive seek time?

As the name suggests, seek time refers to a hard drive from a computer to find a path to the command, to the corresponding target data is found time, the faster the hard drive to read the data faster.

⑤ explain the cache on the hard drive

The so-called hard disk cache, that is, when reading, the hard disk data is stored in the cache, when the CPU needs data, then the cache of data into memory.

⑥ is the speed of the hard drive important?

Important, the speed of the hard disk is the spindle speed of the hard disk motor, it is one of the important parameters that determines the speed of the transmission inside the hard disk. At present, the speed of the hard disk is mainly 5400rpm and 7200rpm. Of course, a 7200rpm hard drive is better than a 5400rpm hard drive and fast.

VI: Optical drive knowledge

What's the difference between ① optical drive?

CD drives include CD-ROMs and CD burners for CD discs. DVD optical drives include DVD-ROM optical drive and CD drive.

DVD discs are usually larger than CD-ROM capacity! The CD has been phased out and most of the DVD or burner is visible.

Because the CD-ROM drive is generally not much used, mainly used for viewing or installation of soft years, there is the installation system, but the role of the CD-ROM is increasingly small, such as watching movies can be seen on the internet, software can also download the installation directly, install the system can use the hard drive directly installed or use U disk installation system. So here's a brief introduction here.

Seven: Display knowledge

What kinds of ① display

The display type is divided into two types, CRT monitors (cathode-ray tubes) and LCD monitors (i.e., liquid crystal displays), and CRT monitors are old fashioned.

② What is the bandwidth of the monitor

The display's bandwidth reflects the display ability, the larger the bandwidth, the faster the response of the monitor, the less the signal distortion.

Calculation bandwidth formula, bandwidth = Horizontal Resolution x vertical resolution X maximum refresh rate loss factor (generally 1.5).

Introduction to ③, brightness, response time and contrast

Visual angle: That is, you are standing in front of the screen in a position, still can clearly see the maximum angle of the screen image. From the left can be high clear to the right to see the image of the formation of the angle, the greater the visual angle of the better. In general, the current LED display angle is mostly around 160 degrees.

Brightness: Generally speaking, the higher the brightness of the LCD display the better.

Contrast: Directly determine whether the LCD display color rich parameters.

Response Time: Response time refers to the LCD each pixel points to the input signal of the speed, the shorter the better, the current relatively good display response time of around 1.5ms.

Editing Summary: Monitor purchase is generally focused on the above parameters, the actual purchase not only need to combine the above knowledge, and pay attention to check whether there are bad display screen and so on, but also more important is the monitor more than a few, to see which screen looks the most comfortable, is the most suitable for their own.

Eight: Chassis power knowledge

Chassis power knowledge has always been a less important link, but also a business profit most of the link, in the computer prudential installed we often like to choose the chassis power combination recommended by merchants, in fact, we have not to carefully study, the business sector verbally said to you than 350w power, in fact, are the cheapest Shanzhai power, The actual rated power must be less than 300w, the cost is only about 60, the price is basically doubled to you. Impure power supply will be a variety of computer failures buried foreshadowing, before we have repeatedly stressed this issue, so I recommend the power supply as much as possible to buy some word-of-mouth stability better, power must be able to meet the needs of the machine.

Power of three kinds of power, please pay attention to distinguish, it is easy to be JS fooled a little! respectively: Rated power, maximum output power and peak power. PFC is divided into active type and passive, and the active type is more energy-saving. 3 C: Usually the power is marked, fake fake except (of course also can forge, in fact, put a label), 3C refers to China compulsory certification.

Nine: Mouse keyboard knowledge

Mouse Keyboard In fact, the choice is mainly to look at, the appearance and feel, generally we like to use the mouse keyboard gift, in fact, this is nothing, as long as the use of feel also nothing to adapt, here is not introduced in detail.

Ten: Speaker knowledge

To tell the truth, to buy a good chassis or no technical content, those what Dolby Ah, 2.0, 2.1 Speakers ignore it, of course, except for the music madman, in fact, a simple call is enough, buy a speaker if you want to sound quality to choose a subwoofer, and speakers can not be too light, the heavier effect is generally better, of course, the price is more expensive, this look at their own needs.

Speaker Knowledge Reading:

Box: There are plastic and metal types.

Speaker: Usually speaking of speakers.

Frequency divider: A part of the Speaker circuit, the role is to distinguish between the different frequency bands of sound signals, respectively, given amplification.