Computer nouns (bits, bytes ...). ）

Data has both numeric and non-numeric types, which must be represented in binary form on the computer. A string of binary numbers can represent either a quantity value or a character, kanji, or other. A string of binary numbers represents different data and has different meanings. How is this data organized and stored in your computer's storage device?

Data units

Bit (bit)

Bit (bit), which is the smallest unit of a computer's storage device , consisting of a number 0 or 1.

BYTE (byte)

Byte (Byte), abbreviated as "B". A group of 8 bits is called a byte, namely: 1b=8bit. bytes are the basic unit of computer processing data, that is, the information is interpreted in bytes . Typically, an ASCII code accounts for 1 bytes, a Chinese character GB code occupies 2 bytes, an integer occupies 2 bytes, a real number, which is a decimal point, and 4 bytes form a floating point.

Word (Word)

The length of data that a computer accesses, processes, and transmits is called a word, which is a set of binary numbers that participate in an operation or processing unit as a whole . A word is usually made up of one or more bytes, which is used to hold an instruction or a piece of data.

Word

The number of bits in a word that contains a binary number is referred to as the length. Different computers, word length is different, commonly used words are 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit, which is often said 8-bit machine, 16-bit machine, 32-bit machine or 64-bit machine. For example, if a computer uses 8 bits to represent a word, it is said that the machine is a eight-bit machine, or that its word length is 8 bits, or that a character is made up of two bytes, or 16 bits, it is 16 bits in length. Word length is an important indicator of computer performance. The longer the word length, the greater the number of digits in a single processing, and the faster the speed.

Storage devices

The device used to store information is called a computer's storage device, such as memory, hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. Regardless of the device, the minimum unit of storage device is "bit", the unit of storage information is bytes, that is, the data is organized by byte.

Storage unit

Represents the total length of a data called the computer's storage unit. In a computer, when a data is deposited or taken out as a whole, the data is stored in one or several bytes to form a storage unit. A storage unit is characterized by the fact that the contents of the storage unit replace the old value with the new value only when the new data is sent to the storage unit, otherwise the original data is always maintained.

Storage capacity

The sum of the binary information that a storage device can hold is called the storage capacity of the storage device. Storage capacity is expressed in bytes, such as: 4MB, 2GB, etc., the relationship is: 1kb=1024b, 1MB=1024KB, 1GB=1024MB. 1000 bytes equivalent to 210Byte, that is 1024Byte, recorded as 1kb;1 megabytes equivalent to 220Byte, that is 1024KB, recorded as 1MB, and 1 gigabytes is the equivalent of 230Byte, that is, 1024MB, which is recorded as 1GB.

Memory capacity refers to the total amount of main memory (RAM) bytes configured for a computer system, measured in "KB" "MB", such as 32MB, 64MB, 128MB, and so on. External memory more hard disk, floppy disk and CD-based, each device can hold the amount of information the total number of bytes is called external memory capacity, the unit of measure is "MB" "GB", such as 800MB, 6.5GB.

At present, the memory capacity of high-grade microcomputer has been developed from a few MB to hundreds of MB, external memory capacity has grown from hundreds of MB to a few gb~ dozens of GB.

Addressing and addressing

Addressing

The process of storing unit numbers on a computer is called "addressing", in bytes.

Address

The number of the storage unit is called the address.

Note: The address number corresponds to the storage unit one by one, the CPU accesses the information in the storage unit through the cell address, and the information in the storage unit corresponding to the address is the object of the CPU operation, that is, the data or the instruction itself. The address is also represented by a binary code, which is usually 16 binary for easy identification.

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Computer nouns (bits, bytes ...). ）