Concept and meaning of IPv6 protocol

Our internet is compliant with certain protocol specifications so that normal work and information exchange can be conducted in an orderly manner. Now we have started to use the IPv6 protocol. However, many of our friends are not very familiar with this. Now we will explain the basic content in this regard.

Definition

IPv6 is short for Internet Protocol Version6, in which Internet Protocol is translated as "Internet Protocol ".

IPv6 is the next-generation IP protocol designed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to replace the current version of ipprotocol IPv4.

Currently, the global Internet uses the TCP/IP protocol family. IP is the network layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol family and is the core protocol of the TCP/IP protocol family.

Currently, the version number of the IP protocol is 4 (IPv4), and its next version is IPv6. IPv6 is constantly developing and improving, and will replace the widely used IPv4 in the near future. Each person will have more IP addresses.

Currently, we use the second generation Internet IPv4 technology. The core technology belongs to the United States. Its biggest problem is its limited network address resources. Theoretically, it hosts 16 million networks and 4 billion hosts. However, after three types of addressing A, B, and C are adopted, the number of available network addresses and host addresses is greatly reduced, and the current IP addresses are almost exhausted. Among them, North America accounts for 3/4, about 3 billion, and the largest population is less than 0.4 billion in Asia. China has more than, which is equivalent to the number of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. Insufficient addresses severely restrict the application and development of the Internet in China and other countries.

On the one hand, there is a limit on the number of Address resources. On the other hand, with the development of electronic and network technologies, computer networks will enter people's daily life, everything around you may need to connect to the global Internet. In this environment, IPv6 came into being. For a single number, the IPv6 address capacity is approximately 8 × 10 ^ 28 times of IPv4, reaching 2 ^-1. This not only solves the problem of the number of network address resources, but also removes the need for devices other than computers to connect to the Internet.

However, IPv6, like IPv4, can waste a lot of IP addresses. To be precise, IPv6 networks do not have 2 ^-1 addresses that can be fully utilized. First, to achieve automatic IP address configuration, the subnet prefix used by the lan must be equal to 64, but few LAN can accommodate 2 ^ 64 network terminals. Second, because IPv6 Address Allocation must follow the clustering principle, address waste is inevitable.

However, if IPv4 only implements man-machine interaction, and IPv6 expands to the interaction between anything, it can not only serve humans, but also serve a large number of hardware devices, such as household appliances, sensors, remote cameras, and automobiles, it will be a real broadband network that is everywhere in every corner of the society. In addition, it will bring huge economic benefits.

Of course, IPv6 is not perfect and cannot solve all problems once and for all. IPv6 can only be continuously improved in development, nor can it occur overnight. The transition takes time and cost. However, in the long run, IPv6 is conducive to the sustained and long-term development of the Internet. At present, Internet organizations have decided to set up two specialized working groups to develop corresponding international standards.
Advantage.

Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has the following advantages:

1. IPv6 has a larger address space.

In IPv4, the IP address length is 32, that is, there are 2 ^ 32-1 characters ^ indicating power-up, the same below), while in IPv6, the IP address length is 128, that is, 2 ^-1 addresses.

2. IPv6 uses a smaller route table.

IPv6 Address Allocation follows the clustering Aggregation principle from the beginning, which enables the router to use a record Entry in the route table to represent a subnet, greatly reducing the length of the route table in the router, this improves the speed of router packet forwarding.

3. Added enhanced Multicast support and FlowControl support for streaming in IPv6 ).

This gives multimedia applications on the network a great opportunity to develop and provides a good network platform for QoS and QualityofService control.

4. IPv6 supports automatic configuration.

This is an improvement and expansion of the DHCP protocol, making it easier and faster to manage networks, especially local networks.

5. IPv6 provides higher security.

In IPv6, You can encrypt network-layer data and verify IP packets, greatly enhancing network security.