CPU clock speed and external frequency performance indicators

1. clock speed

The clock speed is also called the clock frequency. The unit is MHz (or GHz), which is used to indicate the speed at which CPU operations and data processing are performed. CPU clock speed = frequency X frequency doubling coefficient. Many people think that the clock speed determines the CPU running speed. This is not only one-sided, but also a misunderstanding of the server. So far, there is no definite formula for realizing the numerical relationship between the clock speed and the actual computing speed, even for two major processor manufacturers intel and AMD, there is also a lot of controversy in this regard. From the development trend of Intel products, we can see that intel is very focused on strengthening its own clock speed development. Like other processor manufacturers, some people once took a 1g full-bandwidth processor for comparison, its operation efficiency is equivalent to 2G intel processor.
Therefore, there is no direct relationship between the CPU clock speed and the actual computing power of the CPU, and the clock speed represents the speed at which the digital pulse signals in the CPU oscillate. In Intel's processor products, we can also see the example that the 1 GHz itanium chip can behave almost as fast as the 2.66 GHz Xeon/opteron chip, or 1.5 GHz itanium 2 is about as fast as 4 GHz Xeon/opteron. The computing speed of the CPU depends on the performance indicators of the CPU pipeline, bus, and other aspects.
Of course, the clock speed is related to the actual computing speed. It can only be said that the clock speed is only one aspect of the CPU performance, not the overall performance of the CPU.

2. External frequency

The external frequency is the baseline frequency of the CPU, measured in MHz. The external frequency of the CPU determines the running speed of the entire motherboard. In other words, in desktops, the super-frequency is the extra-frequency of the Super CPU (of course, the frequency doubling of the CPU is usually locked). I believe this is a good understanding. However, for the server CPU, overclocking is absolutely not allowed. As mentioned above, the CPU determines the running speed of the motherboard. The two operations are synchronous. If the CPU of the server is too frequently and the external frequency is changed, asynchronous operation will be generated, (Many desktops support asynchronous operation on the motherboard) This will cause instability of the entire server system.
In most computer systems, the external frequency is also the speed of synchronous operation between the memory and the motherboard. In this way, it can be understood that the external frequency of the CPU is directly connected to the memory, synchronous running status between the two. The external frequency and the FSB frequency are easily confused. The following section describes the differences between the two.