Creation of hateful vista and USB flash drive

(Unfinished)

I was eager to install a vista, but it took 2 days. Now an error occurs, and it is stuck on crddisk. when sys went on, it couldn't even connect to the security mode. After checking for a long time, it seems that there was a problem with the SATA driver or wireless card driver. What's even more terrible is that there is no solution until today. So I advise you to try vista after sp1 is released in the second half of the year if you don't want to impede your work.

In any case, the system should be advanced. The company's machine does not have an optical drive, so I had to create a USB flash drive. After checking N more information, it seems that the information on the network cannot be guaranteed to succeed at once. So bigtall decided to write a good article about USB disk startup.

First, we need to add some basic knowledge.

I. Basic Knowledge

Do you still remember Jin Yong's "xueshan feihu"? The story of "Flying Fox" is indeed the original of a huge chunk. In fact, this sequel also has some highlights. After reading bigtall in junior high school, you can't forget it until now: the climbing mountain climbing on the cliff leads a large basket up and down. Later, at the time of restoration, the people below the mountain were taken to the mountains with a very long, fine, but strong fine line. The people on the mountains pulled lines hard and the car was also very long and strong, but the line is a little rough. After so many times, we finally pulled a thick rope, and everyone went up and down.

The operating system boot process is also similar. First, when the PC system is guided, the program in BIOS starts to run from FFFF: 0000 address in real mode, and the BIOS searches for the 0-sided, 0-sector, and 1-sector of all physical disks in the system in sequence, read the content (512 bytes) with the first ending sign 0x55AA, and then execute the codeBoot Record. If you think of BIOS as a pigeon, then the 512-byte applet is of course the fine line brought up by the pigeon. Boot records can only be used to find information related to the specific operating system in each disk partition.Bootstrap program, Load, and then execute this boot program. Generally, the Bootstrap program is large and occupies space in multiple sectors (usually one track, at least 16 sectors, that is, 16*512 bytes ), so this program will do more things, they will find the file system, find the correspondingStart File, Load the Startup file, and then execute it. After the file is started, it is the actual operating system startup process.

Let's take the XP system as an example. Assume that XP is installed on the C drive. After the power is turned on, The Boot Record is first loaded into the BIOS, And the Boot Record is loaded into the C Drive boot program: XP seems to write a boot program to every Logical Disk, so you can specify any partition as the boot disk); XP's boot program is responsible for finding the NTLDR program on the disk, after you load and run NTLDR, you will see the XP startup information on the screen. an XP flag is displayed on the screen.

In daily operations, if you are familiar with the DOS operating system, you will know the FDISK and SYS commands. FDISK is the partition program of the disk, however, it has an implicit command parameter "/MBR" that restores the boot records of the hard disk. The SYS command writes the boot program and sets up the complete basic DOS Startup environment, this program is not available in XP, but there are many ways to create an XP running environment. Next, let's look at the related knowledge of XP.

So far, if you want to start a tool disk for daily maintenance of Windows systems, we need to come up with four types of implementations: DOS system boot, XP system boot, XPE (Windows PE 1.x) system boot, and VistaPE (Windows PE 2.x) system boot, as shown in the following table:

System	Start File	Supported file systems	Description
DOS	IO. SYS (or ibmbio. sys) MSDOS. SYS (or ibmdos. sys) CONFIG. SYS configuration file	FAT, FAT32	Multi-system startup is not supported Startup of image files is not supported
XP	NTLDR, NTDETECT. COM, BOOTFONT. BIN Boot. ini configuration file	FAT, FAT32, NTFS	Supports multi-system startup Startup of image files is not supported
XPE	SETUPLDR. BIN (or NTLDR) NTDETECT. COM BOOTFONT. BIN WINNT. SIF configuration file	FAT, FAT32, NTFS	NTLDR supports multi-system startup SETUPLDR. BIN supports direct start of compressed image files For example, imgfiles, ISO files, and CAB files
Vista/ VistaPE	BOOTMGR BOOT \ BCD BOOT \ BOOT. SDI BOOT \ BOOTSECT. EXE BOOT \ ETFSBOOT. EXE	FAT, FAT32, NTFS	Supports multi-system startup Supports direct starting of image files

This table is important. The following bigtall will not repeat the files to be copied during system creation.

You may be unfamiliar with PE. In fact, friends who have installed windows have been familiar with this thing. When we run and install windows, isn't it a text interface at the beginning? after it is started, it will enter the graphical interface until the windows Installation is complete. This graphic interface is a PE environment. It is actually a simplified version of Windows. Any version of XP can be used to strip a PE from it without violating the authorization protocol of M $. Now, because PE itself has powerful functions, Vista has used PE as the basis for system maintenance environment.

After completing the basic knowledge, let's look at our needs.

Ii. Procedure

Our goal is (Voiceover :~ No ~ Yes ~ Moth ~ Ya ~) It is important to create a USB disk Boot Tool disk to support multiple boot operations. However, bigtall is not very satisfied with the support for multiple boot operations in the XP series, so we need to select a more useful one, of course it's GRUB for DOS. It is a powerful cross-platform dedicated multi-system boot program. More importantly, the operation is very simple. First, let's take a look at what needs to be prepared to complete the entire step:

1. For an empty USB flash drive, bigtall has two parts: one 1 GB and one MB.
2. The tool PEtoUSB is used to format an NT/XP boot disk. To http://gocoding.com/page.php? Under al = petousb, this project was migrated from sf, but no source code was found.
3. Tool USB boot, another formatting U disk tool, to the http://flashget.newhua.com/down/usboot.rar, and PEtoUSB with, basically can not format the U disk.
4. Download the grub for dos environment and its installation tool grub-install.
5. Download the iso of a vista PE. The address is http://www.greendown.cn/view_down.asp? Downd_id = 17 & downd = 0 & ID = 6270 & down = yes, but bigtall finds VISTAPE0509.iso at a later time. Thunder is required because the original address is missing.
6. Download the slab version V28, which is an XPE kernel tool disk. Thunder must be used because the original address does not exist. If avg free is used, three Trojans are generated. But it does not matter.
7. Download a DOS Boot Tool disk. The portal page is here: Part 1, part 2, and part 3. The spfdisk disk partition tool in this DoS tool is very useful and is strongly recommended.

After preparation, we will start our operation steps. Here, we will put these systems on a single disk and use grub for unified startup management. First, plan the directory:

Loader stores all startup-related files as much as possible.
Loader \ grub related files and backups
Loader \ redleaf · Startup File directory
Loader \ vistaPE · PE2 Environment

It is estimated that your hands will not itch, so you will not talk nonsense. The following are the steps and precautions:

1. Format the USB flash drive. Because of the DOS system, you can directly format it into the fat or fat32 format. The formatting tool uses PEtoUSB. HDD format is recommended for 1 GB. ZIP format can be used for MB. However, note that there is no uniform standard for USB flash drive startup, therefore, you must support your own machines. Formatting directly affects whether the system can be started normally. The test method is very simple. After formatting, you can directly Insert the computer and start it using USB. If an error similar to "Missing xxxxx" is reported and you can press any key, the test is passed.
2. Run the grub-install tool to update the boot program. Do not select your hard disk by mistake. Don't come to me if you make any mistakes. bigtall does not recognize accounts and is not responsible. In addition, if you accidentally fail to start grub, you can simply fix it with this tool.
3. Copy the grldr file in grub for dos to the root directory.
4. Compile the grub STARTUP configuration file \ menu. lst. At this point, we need to perform another test: Start with USB. After a few seconds, you will see an interface with options, press the c key to enter the grub command line mode.
5. Install the dossystem. Decompress SBMSR400.part ?. Rar, copy the imgfile to the loader directory. The configuration content of menu. lst is as follows:
6. Install the system. Set winpe under the iso root directory. im _, winpe. sif and xcmd. copy ini to the root directory of the USB flash drive, and set the two files in wins to setupldr. copy bin and ntdetect.com to loader \ redleaf. Pull the programs directory to the root directory of the USB flash drive. the lst configuration content is as follows:
7. Install the VistaPE system. Copy the bootmgr under the ISO root directory of vistaPE to the root directory of the U disk, and pull the BOOT directory and SOURCES directory to the root directory of the U disk. If you want a tool, pull PROGRAMS to the root directory of the USB flash drive and combine it with those of the dark red leaves. (If you have a good idea, you can modify xcmd. ini to make the red leaves more plump ).

So far, I have successfully maintained the tool disk. Bigtall show you the directory structure of my 1 GB disk:

F :.
│ Grldr
│ Menu. lst
│ Boot. ini
│ WINPE. SIF
│ BOOTFONT. BIN
│ NTDETECT. COM
│ WINPE. IM _
│ XCMD. INI
│ BOOTMGR
│
├ ── Loader
│ SBMSR400.IMG
│ DOS98.IMG
│
│ ├ ── Grub
│ Menu. lst (backup of menu. lst in the root directory)
│ MEMDISK. GZ
│
│ ─-Redleaf
│ NTDETECT. COM
│ SETUPLDR. BIN
│
│ ─ ── VistaPE
│ BOOTMGR
│
├ ── MENU
│
├ ── PROGRAMS
│
├ ── SOURCES
│ Boot. wim
│
─ ── BOOT
BOOTSECT. EXE
ETFSBOOT. COM
BCD
BOOT. SDI

There is one thing that deserves special attention: Due to restrictions on the boot program functionality, they cannot read discontinuous files. In other words, they cannot process file fragments. Therefore, do not perform a large number of delete operations on the USB flash drive during production. copy the operation as much as possible. If someone has done a lot of delete operations, you can use the fragment program that comes with XP to sort it out.

Speaking of this, there should be some questions about careful care. What about my other M disk? Don't worry, bigtall. My 128 disk is relatively old and only supports the USB interface, so it is relatively slow to use. So bigtall needs to select the environment. I chose the deep-mountain red leaf. The procedure is simple, but the procedure is slightly different from the previous one. You need to format it using USB boot. The procedure is as follows:

1. Format using USB boot. You can recognize this image in both ZIP and FDD modes. During formatting, USB boot automatically places a DOS Startup system in it.
2. Copy GRUB. EXE directly from grub for dos to the USB flash drive
3. Use notepad on the USB flash drive to generate a text file named CONFIG. SYS, with only one line of content: device0000grub.exe
4. Manually copy bootfont. bin, ntdetect.com, winpe. sif, setupldr. bin, winpe. im _ from the system to the root directory of the USB flash drive.
5. Put a menu. lst on the USB flash drive to start the configuration file. For details, refer to the appendix.

After it is started, it is a basic winpe environment with network support. However, you need to use tools in the manual Program menu.

 

Iii. Application

In the previous article, bigtall complained about the hateful Vista and made two USB flash drive boot disks. Of course, the objective is obvious. bigtall needs to install XP on a machine without an optical drive, in addition, I want to use bigtall to start the machine with a 1g USB flash drive.

Iv. Postscript

Maintaining the system is a professional task. If you are not sure about yourself or are not fully aware of the tasks, bigtall advises you to avoid data loss due to misoperations, it's too late.

In addition, Please repost the author's bigtall name and the original source of this article. Thank you!