Debian Study Notes [References for online students]

Write the following notes for my use of Debian as my personal graphics desktop system. The content is not very advanced and is only suitable for new beginners than me. In addition, this article aims to build a personal graphic desktop system, which can only be accomplished by XP.

Basic System Installation

Download netinstall. ISO: network install from a minimal CD

CD boot: linux26. In this way, the 2.6 kernel is used. The default value is 2.4. # You do not need to specify it now. The default value is 2.6. If you want to use 2.4, you can use linux24.

The English language is preferred.

Select China for the region and English for the keyboard layout.

Network Configuration: I set it manually because no DHCP is available. # Use ADSL virtual dialing. Do not set gateway and DNS.

Hostname and domainname have nothing to say, personal preferences.

Partition. In addition to Debian, there is also a win system on my PC, an NTFS and a FAT32 partition:

Hda1 5.2g NTFS # Win System Disk
Hda2 15.7g FAT32 # Win data disk
Hda3 64 m ext2/boot # boot zone, in fact 32 m is enough, ext2 will be relatively simple to restore after the crash
Hda5 512 M swap # My machine has 1 GB physical memory, so swap is not very high
Hda6 8g reiserfs/# Debian systems are all here
Hda7 90g reiserfs/home # user directory

Next, I will ask you if you want to write grub into MBR and answer yes.

After the restart, start the Basic System Configuration:

UTC. Is the current time used as the Universal Time? If you are still in China, select No.

The Time Zone. For China, select Chongqing. Do not select a place like Shanghai.

Then, set the root password and the first user name/password. It is best to use a non-root account, because the root account can do everything!

After setting, you will be asked what to use as the update source, and select the cn99 in China in HTTP.

If you are using a virtual dial-up such as ADSL, use Alt + F2 to switch to tty2 before selecting the source, use root to log on, and then use pppoeconfig to configure the virtual dial-up, then switch back with ALT + F1.

After the first update, the page for installing the software is displayed. # It is recommended that you do not select any basic system.

After the installation is complete, log on with the root account.

What we get now is a stable Debian. Generally, the software version of stable is not high but absolutely stable. I use the SID (unstable) version. If you use Debian for the first time, we recommend that you use the testing version. Edit/etc/APT/sources. List as follows (replace unstable with testing if testing is used ):

Deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free
Deb-Src http://debian.cn99.com/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free

Run the following command to upgrade the system to testing or Sid:

# Apt-Get update
# Apt-Get dist-Upgrade

Next, let's talk about some basic commands of apt that Debian eventually wants:

# Apt-cache search // This is the package you want to install.
# Apt-Get install // This is the package you need to install
# Apt-Get remove // This is the delete package

I know these three are enough at the beginning.

Then you need to make some small settings:

# Dpkg-reconfigure locales // This is the set environment language, choose "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" and "zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8", default choose "en_US.UTF-8 ″.

# Apt-Get install localeconf // I need this to implement Chinese Input in English. In the configuration interface, the default still selects the en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, and then the lc_ctype selects the zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8 ″.

First exit and then log on again to make the environment settings take effect. It doesn't matter if you don't do it, but you haven't installed the input method yet.

# Apt-Get install linux-image-2.6-k7 // get the kernel suitable for your machine, too lazy to configure your own find ready-made. Of course, you can use the # apt-cache search linux-image-2.6 to search for suitable packages for different personal machines.

Restart once. If it is okay to start with the new kernel, we can prepare to install the graphics system.

We still use root to log on. We will not be able to use it this time.

# Apt-Get install x-window-system-core // install the most basic X. Of course, you can remove-core to obtain some basic x tools.

During the installation process, you will be asked to make some simple configurations. Select auto for the video card, and then check whether startx is normal.

# Apt-Get install KDE-core // install the most basic KDE Desktop Environment. Remove-core to install more KDE tools. If you like gnome or other desktop environments, you can use similar commands.

# Apt-Get install KDM // This will allow you to skip the character interface at startup and directly enter a graphical login window.

After completing the above steps, we basically have a Linux desktop environment that can be viewed. Do not restart. We need something called sudo.

# Apt-Get install sudo // install sudo, edit/etc/sudoers, and modify it as follows:

Root all = (all) All
Username all = (all) All

Restart and use your account to log on to KDE.

Find the fastest Image
# Apt-Get install apt-spy
# Apt-spy update // update your image list file/var/lib/apt-spy/mirrors.txt
# Apt-spy-D testing-A Asia
// Search for the fastest testing image in Asia and generate the sources. list file. You can also use the-O parameter to specify the file to be written.

Gui, Chinese

Chinese was once the biggest headache, but now we can get a perfect Chinese environment through some simple steps.

Open a terminal window under KDE in system/konsole.

# Sudo apt-Get install synaptic // This is the software package management program for installing the synaptic GUI. Although KDE has its own kpackage, we recommend using synaptic.

From here on, you can ignore the command line and use synaptic. However, out of the clarity of the article, I still provide the installation command for the character interface.

# Sudo apt-Get install TTF-arphic-uming // The font can well meet the daily work and does not need to install controversial simsun.

# Sudo apt-Get install TTF-bitstream-Vera // believe me, this is a good English font.

# Sudo apt-Get install TTF-freefont // text cannot be seen in Flash without this font.

# Sudo apt-Get install scim-Chinese skim // The first two are the scim Input Method platform and the Pinyin input method module; the other one will make scim work well in KDE without modifying any configuration files.

Restart (in fact, you only need to unregister the KDE), and the Chinese version can be displayed normally. However, you will find that Chinese characters are dotted in small fonts, because the AA effect is enabled, and you need to modify/etc/fonts/local. conf to fix this problem. I will not elaborate on the writing of this configuration file (I don't really understand it). Here I will provide my configuration file for your reference: Local. conf

# Sudo CP local. CONF/etc/fonts/

Log out of the KDE once, and then return to view the effect.