Deployment of Oracle 11g databases

First, preface

Recently to prepare for the exam, ready to review the knowledge of Oracle database, then the premise of learning Oracle is definitely deployed, the current mainstream Oracle version is 11g, then we will first look at the next, How to deploy Oracle has opened and started databases for monitoring database operations

Ii. Considerations for installing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.8 Operating system

Installation Requirements:

• Configuration options for Firewalls: Disable

• SELinux Configuration: Disable

• Default installation: Software development

Because the system deployment is simple, here is no longer elaborated, has the question, the trouble everybody oneself Baidu a bit!

Iii. preparation of pre-conditions

Oracle database is a relatively large application software, the server's system type, memory and swap memory, hard disk space, kernel parameters, software environment, user environment, etc. have the corresponding requirements. Only these prerequisites are met to ensure that the Oracle 11g installation is successful, the operation is stable

1. System and Configuration Requirements

Oracle 11g explicitly supported Linux systems include Asianux 2.0/3.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0/5.0, Red Hat Enterprise 4.0/5.0, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0/11.0. When installing on other Linux systems, individual software or configuration files may need to be adjusted appropriately

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Linux System requirements:

• Physical memory: Must be above 1G and recommended for VMware virtual machines not less than 1.5GB

• Swap space: The Convention should refer to, when the physical memory is 1~2GB, the swap partition is 1.5~2 times of physical memory, when the physical memory is 2~16GB, the swap partition is the same size as the physical memory; When physical memory exceeds 16GB, the swap partition uses 16GB.

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For Oracle 11g databases, if the program files and data files are installed on the same partition, the disk space requirements for this partition are: Enterprise Edition 5.65GB, Standard Edition 5.38GB, in addition, you should also ensure that the/tmp directory is located in the partition of less than 1GB. In general, it is recommended that you prepare at least 8GB of hard disk space for Oracle 11g

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Requires that the host name and IP be well-planned. The host name and IP address of the server should also be determined in advance, as soon as the Oracle database installation is complete, it is recommended that you do not modify the host name, otherwise it will cause the database to fail to start

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2. Software Environment Requirements

The installation process for Oracle 11g is typically done in the graphical desktop, so it is recommended to use a Rhel 5.8 server with a GNOME Chinese desktop environment installed. Software development tools are also essential, such as GCC, glibc, binutils and other packages, it is recommended to use the RPM tool to check and install the necessary software environment

Rpm-q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc Glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-de Vel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixodbc-devel Pdksh

The Oracle 11g itself integrates the Java operating environment, but the installation interface is not fully supported in Chinese. Therefore, if you wish to use the Chinese Oracle installation interface, we recommend installing the java-1.6.0 package in advance.

3. Kernel Requirements

To ensure that the database runs stably, Oracle 11g has some requirements for Linux kernel parameters, process session limits, some of which can be automatically detected and repaired during installation, but not necessarily complete, so it's best to configure them in advance based on the installation documentation

Kernel parameter adjustment is embodied in the/etc/sysctl.conf file, which mainly includes some settings related to memory scheduling, port range, number of open files, I/O request, etc., the relevant values must not be lower than the installation requirements. The new configuration takes effect immediately after the modification is completed by executing the "sysctl-p" command

Kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 32000 + 128fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576f S.file-max = 6815744net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

Related Kernel parameter explanation:

Kernel.shmmax: Defines the maximum value of a single shared memory segment, the default value, which is greater than this value

Kernel.shmall: Control the number of shared memory pages, default value, greater than this value

Kernel.shmmni: Maximum number of shared memory segments

Kernel.sem:semaphore signal or IPC symbol required for each process communication

FS.AIO-MAX-NR: Number of asynchronous IO requests

Fs.file-max: Total number of files that can be opened by all processes in the system

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range: Outward-connected port range

Net.core.rmem_default: Kernel sockets Accept cache default Size

Net.core.rmem_max: Kernel socket accepts the maximum size of the buffer

Net.core.wmem_default: Kernel socket send buffer default size

Net.core.wmem_max: Maximum size of the kernel socket send buffer

Finally sysctl-p reload the configuration file

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4.Oracle User Environment Requirements

Oracle 11g requires fixed user Oracle, installation group Oinstall, Management Group DBA, these accounts should be established in advance. The basic directories used to store Oracle programs and database files (such as/opt/oracle) should also be created in advance.

Groupadd-g Oinstall//Create installation Group GROUPADD-G 501 DBA//Create Administrative Group USERADD-G OINSTALL-G DBA Oracle//create run user passwd Oracle//Set User password Mkdir/opt/oracle//Establish basic directory Chown-r Oracle:oinstall/opt/oraclechmod-r 775/opt/ora clemkdir/opt/tmp///Create temporary folders to use when installing chmod +wr/opt/tmp

Oracle 11g installation tasks should be performed as running user Oracle, with appropriate tuning of the Oracle user's environment configuration to meet the requirements

vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile ...umask 022                                  //File Permission Mask export oracle_base=/opt/oracle/           //defining the Base directory Export oracle_home= $ORACLE _base/product/11.2/db_1/      //Define home Directory export oracle_sid=orcl                    //defines the DB instance name Export lang=en_us. utf-8                   //determines the use of the locale export nls_lang= "American_america". Zhs16gbk           //oracle the language of message utilization export path=$ Oracle_home/bin: $PATHexport  DISPLAY=:0.0         &Nbsp;            //tell the default display port number 

5.Oracle User resource limit requirements

The process session limit can be implemented using the Pam_limits authentication module, by modifying the login application's PAM settings to enable the authentication, and then modifying the/etc/security/limits.conf file to set the number of processes that the user Oracle can open, Increased number of files used by the process

Vim/etc/pam.d/login...session required/lib/security/pam_limits.sosession requiredpam_limits.so

vim/etc/security/limits.conf...oraclesoftnproc2047//Process number Soft limit oraclehardnproc16384//number of processes hard limit Oraclesoftno file1024//File number soft limit oraclehardnofile65536//File number hard limit oraclesoftstack10240//oracle soft stack limit

Vim/etc/profile//Add the following content ... if [$USER = "Oracle"];then if [$SHELL = "Bin/ksh"];then ulimit-p 16384 Ulim It-n 65536 Else ulimit-u 16384-n 65536 Fifi

The Oracle User Resource Limitations section, which is not configured, does not affect the successful installation of the Oracle database, but it is recommended to limit Oracle user resources in advance if there is a bad SQL statement that is not responding to the user's requests for long periods of time on server resources

Note: Restart the system after the preparation work is finished installing

Iv. Oracle 11g Installation process

Oracle's official Chinese website, which provides free download of Oracle 11g installation files (requires a registered account). Correctly select the system platform used (such as Linux x86), and then download the 1OF2, 2OF2, respectively, the two zip compressed package, extracted to obtain the database folder, Oracle installation script, product manuals and other documents are located in this folder

Unzip Linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zipunzip Linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

Oracle 11g is installed primarily through the Runinstaller script, and access to the Web page welcome.html can be consulted in the product manuals, including product descriptions, release notes, installation guides, and other documentation, providing an extremely rich set of helpful information for administrators

Once all the preconditions are ready, you can begin the formal installation. If the current graphical desktop environment is logged in as a different user (such as root), you should also add authorization to allow the user Oracle to use the graphics terminal. For example, "Xhost + [email protected]" means allow user Oracle to access, execute, "Xhost +" to remove all restrictions

Log in to Rhel 5.8 's graphical desktop environment as user Oracle and launch the Runinstaller script file in the database/directory

Xhost +//This operation needs to be performed in a graphical environment SU-ORACLECD database

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Deployment of Oracle 11g databases