Detailed analysis: Precautions for using Linux in Enterprises

Detailed analysis: Considerations for using the Linux system-general Linux technology-Linux technology and application information for enterprises. The following is a detailed description. Source: Zhongguancun online

Are you tired of patching Windows Sever all day, and have you begun to doubt the security of Windows Sever? for other reasons, Linux is becoming increasingly popular in the server field. Linux is gradually recognized in the server field. In addition to its open-source free, beautiful desktop and other superficial reasons, strong security and controllability are the real reasons why Linux is selected by enterprises. Here we will introduce to you in detail what aspects should be paid attention to when using Linux.

Why should enterprises try Linux?

Free is just the most attractive part of Linux, but it is also the most challenging part. Because it is free of charge, we may lack control, no support, lack of security, and even cannot guarantee the running of applications. This means that the "free" Linux distribution kit may be expensive. It is important to explain these shortcomings to customers interested in Linux at a low price.

So why are enterprise customers still giving priority to the Enterprise Edition released by Linux? For example, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or SUSE Enterprise Linux (SELS ). The most important reason is that it includes support, which not only provides technical support for programs that cannot run normally, but also supports specific hardware and software. Therefore, if your solution contains specific server hardware and specific business applications, you and your customers can be sure that they can run properly.

In addition, security has always been praised by people. In the face of today's countless hackers, the Windows Server Version cannot truly bring people down, while Linux has to improve security.

Different Linux releases

What is Linux?

Linux is a Unix-like free and open-source operating system. There are many different Linux systems, but they all use the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on a variety of computer hardware devices, from mobile phones, tablets, routers and video game consoles to desktop computers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Linux is a leading operating system. The world's top 10 super computers run Linux operating systems. Strictly speaking, the term "Linux" only represents the Linux kernel, but in fact people are used to using Linux to describe the entire Linux kernel-based operating system and use various GNU engineering tools and databases.

Linux version

In the Linux world, there are a variety of releases, including the most popular desktop systems Ubuntu and Linux Mint, as well as the Red Hat Enterprise Board and openSUSE among large and medium-sized enterprises, currently, the most popular desktop versions are Ubuntu Linux Mint, Fedora, openSUSE, and Debian. In terms of servers, RedHat Enterprise-level Linux has great dominance, oracle's Linux and openSUSE Enterprise Server versions have certain applications.

Understand Linux Components

The Linux operating system includes three main components: the Linux release version, the desktop environment, and the Linux kernel. These components constitute the basic components of Linux together with the GNU software.

Select different versions

A Linux release refers to what we usually call a "Linux operating system". It may be released by an organization, company, or individual. For example, Red Hat Enterprise Edition and openSUSE are released by the company, while Ubuntu and Linux Mint are released by the Organization.

Linux is mainly used as part of the Linux release (usually called "distro. Generally, a Linux release includes the Linux kernel, a set of Installation Tools for installing the entire software on a computer, various GNU software, and some other free software, some proprietary software is also available in some specific Linux releases. The release is made for many different purposes, including support for different computer structures, localization of a specific region or language, real-time applications, and embedded systems. At present, more than three hundred releases have been actively developed.

A typical Linux release includes: Linux core, some GNU libraries and tools, command line shell, graphic interface X Window System and corresponding desktop environments, such as KDE or GNOME, it also contains thousands of applications from office packages, compilers, text editors, and scientific tools.

Many versions of Linux use LiveCD, which can be used without installation.

Linux Kernel and Installation Method

Desktop Environment

The desktop environment has always been a major reason Linux fans admire Linux. The perfect desktop design gives us great comfort, but for the Linux Server version, although its desktop environment is still commendable, however, it is far from as gorgeous as the individual desktop user version, but for servers, this is not a disadvantage, but to provide terminal operation speed and simplify the desktop operating system.

Linux Kernel

Linux is the most popular free computer operating system kernel. It is a Unix-like operating system written in C and assembly languages that complies with POSIX standards. Linux was first launched by linnas, a Finnish hacker. Torvalds (Linus B. Torvalds) was developed to try to provide a free and free Unix-like operating system on intel x86 architecture. The plan began in 1991, when linnasthowaz posted a post in Usenet News Group comp. OS. minix, a famous post marking the official start of the Linux program.

Some Minix hackers helped in the early stages of the plan, and today countless programmers around the world are providing free help for the plan.

Technically speaking, Linux is a kernel. "Kernel" refers to a system software that provides hardware abstraction layer, disk and file system control, multi-task, and other functions. A kernel is not a complete operating system. A complete Linux kernel-based operating system is called Linux or GNU/Linux.

Download Linux

If you do not know the Linux release version, you can download different versions of Linux from the Internet for testing without buying a CD.

Installation Method

You can choose to download the operating system from the Internet to test Linux of different versions in the virtual machine, or use dual-system testing. When you have a certain understanding of Linux operations, you can directly install Linux to fully experience the performance and configuration of Linux.

Linux terminal and Software Center

Terminal

A Linux terminal, also known as a virtual console, is a standard feature inherited from UNIX. Displays and keyboards are collectively referred to as terminals because they can control the system. Therefore, they are also called consoles. A computer's input/output device is a physical console. If a computer uses software to implement multiple console interfaces that do not interfere with each other and work independently, multiple virtual consoles are implemented. The Linux terminal uses the character command line. You can enter the command on the keyboard and control the system through the Linux terminal. Generally, six virtual terminals are started by default in Linux. If you select to start X Window directly in the startup mode, X Window will be on the 7th virtual terminals.

You can press the Alt key and function key Fn (n = 1 ~ 6. For example, after a user logs on, press the Alt + F2 key combination, and the user can see the "login:" prompt. The second virtual console is displayed. If you press Alt + F1 again, you can return to the first virtual console. A newly installed Linux system allows you to use Alt + F1 to Alt + F6 to access six virtual consoles.

The virtual console makes Linux a real multi-user operating system. On Different consoles, you can log on to multiple users at the same time, or allow one user to log on multiple times. You can switch to another virtual console to start another job when the job on a virtual console is not over. For example, when developing software, you can edit it on one console, compile it on another console, and view information on the third console.

Press Alt + Ctrl + Fn in the X Window Graphic operation interface (n = 1 ~ 6) You can enter the character operation interface of the console. This means that you can have X Windows and six console operation interfaces at the same time. press Alt + Ctrl + F7 on the console operation interface to return to the X Window Graphic operation interface just now. That is to say, you can use Alt + Ctrl + Fn to quickly switch between the character interface and the X Window Interface.

Software Center

Not only does Ubuntu have its own software center, but many Linux versions have this function, which greatly reduces the time for people to search for software and improves the stability of software running, at present, the software center in this area can provide a large number of free software and some software that requires payment, both of which are very good.

Search for help

At present, you can find a lot of information about Linux on websites and forums. If you use RedHat Enterprise Edition, you will have to pay a high fee to complete the maintenance, however, security and management will be greatly improved.

Notes for using Linux in Enterprises

Used in large enterprises

Suppose your company has hundreds or even tens of thousands of users. Your preferred choice is Red Hat Linux Enterprise Edition (RHEL ).

RedHat provides mature and complete support for large enterprises. It is also easy for enterprises to find certified technicians, engineers and engineers familiar with RHEL. RHEL also receives support from a wide range of hardware, whether you are running a rack-mounted x86 server, Blade Server, ibm power system, or mainframe server, RHEL will always provide you with the best servers. In short, the Red Hat Enterprise Edition is an example of a large Enterprise Linux.

If you think the cost of RedHat Enterprise Edition is too high, you can choose Oracle Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition. Oracle Linux is like a red hat version, while SUSE Linux has very good management tools and is very cheap.

Small Enterprises

If your company has only dozens or hundreds of people, and you don't want to spend a lot of money to apply the Red Hat Enterprise Board and SUSE linux Enterprise Edition, you can choose their community release version, although it cannot be supported by the company, it is much cheaper. You need to be familiar with Linux.

Summary: currently, Linux servers account for 20% of the market share. As Linux becomes increasingly familiar, we believe that more and more applications of Linux will become more and more influential.