Detailed routing Table

Routing Table description

------------------------------------------------------------------------Source:------------------------------------ -----------------------------
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.123.254 192.168.123.88 1
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.123.254 192.168.123.68 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.123.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.123.68 192.168.123.68 1
192.168.123.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.123.88 192.168.123.88 1
192.168.123.68 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.123.88 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.168.123.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.123.68 192.168.123.68 1
192.168.123.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.123.88 192.168.123.88 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.123.68 192.168.123.68 1
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.123.88 192.168.123.88 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.123.68 192.168.123.68 1
Default gateway:192.168.123.254
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------

The current route:
Destination Destination network Segment
Mask Subnet Mask
Interface The egress IP of the router that reached the destination
Gateway IP for next-hop router ingress, routers define a link to the next router via interface and gateway, typically, interface and gateway are the same network segment
Metric hop count, the quality of the route record, in general, if there are more than one route to the same destination, the router will take the metric value of the route is small

First article
Default route: This means that when the destination segment of a packet is not in your routing record, your router should send that packet to where! The gateway for the default route is determined by the default gateway on your connection
The route record means: When I receive a packet of the destination network segment is not in my routing record, I will send the packet through the 192.168.123.88 this interface to 192.168.123.254 this address, which is an interface to the next router, so that the packet can be delivered to the next router processing, and I have nothing to do. Line Quality 1 for this route record

Article II
Default route: The route record means: When I receive a packet of the destination network segment is not in my routing record, I will send the packet through the 192.168.123.68 this interface to 192.168.123.254 this address, which is an interface to the next router, so that the packet can be delivered to the next router processing, and I have nothing to do. Line Quality 1 for this route record

Article III
Local loop: 127.0.0.0 all addresses in this network segment point to their own machines, and if such a data is received, where should the route quality of the routed record be sent 1

Article IV
Routing records for Straight-line segments: What to do when the router receives packets destined for a straight-line segment, in which case the interface and gateway of the routing record are the same.
When I receive the destination segment of a packet is 192.168.123.0, I will send the packet through 192.168.123.68 this interface directly, because this port directly connected to the 192.168.123.0 this segment, the route recorded by the quality of the line 1

Fifth article
Routing records for straight-line segments
When I receive the destination segment of a packet is 192.168.123.0, I will send the packet through 192.168.123.88 this interface directly, because this port directly connected to the 192.168.123.0 this segment, the route recorded by the quality of the line 1

Sixth article
Local Host routing: What will be handled when the router receives a packet sent to itself
When I receive the destination segment of a packet is 192.168.123.68, I will take the packet down, because this packet is sent to my own, the route record of the line quality 1

Seventh article
Local Host routing: What will be handled when the router receives a packet sent to itself
When I receive the destination segment of a packet is 192.168.123.88, I will take the packet down, because this packet is sent to my own, the route record of the line quality 1

Eighth article
Local broadcast routing: What to do when a router receives a local broadcast sent to a straight-line segment
When I receive the destination segment of the broadcast packet is 192.168.123.255, I will send the data from the 192.168.123.68 interface to broadcast the situation, the route record of the line quality 1

Nineth article
Local broadcast routing: What to do when a router receives a local broadcast sent to a straight-line segment
When I receive the destination segment of the broadcast packet is 192.168.123.255, I will send the data from the 192.168.123.88 interface to broadcast the situation, the route record of the line quality 1

Tenth article
Multicast routing: What to do when the router receives a multicast packet
When I receive the multicast packet, I send the data from the 192.168.123.68 interface as a multicast situation, the routing quality of the route record 1

11th article
Multicast routing: What to do when the router receives a multicast packet
When I receive the multicast packet, I send the data from the 192.168.123.88 interface as a multicast situation, the routing quality of the route record 1

12th article
Broadcast routing: What to do when the router receives an absolute broadcast
When I receive an absolute broadcast packet, the packet is discarded

This example demonstrates the access to different addresses from different gateways.
Route Delete 0.0.0.0
Route add 172.0.0.0 Mask 255.0.0.0 172.31.50.254
Route add 0.0.0.0 Mask 0.0.0.0 172.31.50.1
Route add 192.168.10.0 Mask 255.255.255.0 172.31.50.254
This is probably the case, if you have two network cards, or two lines, you can use this command

Route
Displays and modifies entries in the local IP routing table.

Grammar
Route [-F] [-P] [Command [Destination] [Mask Netmask] [Gateway] [metric metric]] [if Interface]]

Parameters
-F
Clear all routes that are not primary (the netmask is 255.255.255.255), loopback network routing (destination 127.0.0.0, netmask is 255.255.255.0), or multicast routing (destination 224.0.0.0, netmask is 240.0.0.0 The routing table for the entry for the route. If it is used in conjunction with one of the commands (for example, add, change, or delete), the table is cleared before the command is run.
-P
When used in conjunction with the Add command, specifies that the route is added to the registry and initializes the IP routing table when the TCP/IP protocol is started. By default, the added route is not saved when the TCP/IP protocol is started. When used with the Print command, a list of persistent routes is displayed. This parameter is ignored by all other commands. The location where the permanent route is stored in the registry is hkey_local_machine\system\currentcontrolset\services\tcpip\parameters\persistentroutes.

Command
Specifies the command to run. The following table lists the valid commands. Command purpose
Add route
Change existing routes
Delete Remove route
Print route destination
Specifies the network destination address of the route. The destination address can be an IP network address (where the host address bit of the network address is set to 0), the IP address for the host route, and 0.0.0.0 for the default route.

Mask SubnetMask
Specifies the netmask (also known as the subnet mask) associated with the network destination address. The subnet mask can be an appropriate subnet mask for the IP network address, which is 255.255.255.255 for the host route and 0.0 for the default route. 0.0. If omitted, the subnet mask 255.255.255.255 is used. When defining a route, the destination address cannot be more detailed than its corresponding subnet mask due to the relationship between the destination address and the subnet mask. In other words, if one of the subnet masks is 0, the corresponding bit in the destination address cannot be set to 1.

Gateway
Specifies a previous or next hop IP address that exceeds the attainable set of addresses defined by the network destination and subnet mask. For locally connected subnets, the gateway address is the IP address assigned to the connection subnet interface. For remote routes to be available through one or more routers, the gateway address is a directly-accessible IP address assigned to the neighboring router.

Metric metric
Specifies the integer value of the required metric for the route (in the range 1 to 9999), which is used to select the route that most closely matches the destination address in the forwarding packet in multiple routes in the routing table. The selected route has a minimum number of hops. The metric can reflect the number of hops, the speed of the path, path reliability, path throughput, and administrative properties.
If Interface
Specifies the interface index of the interface to which the target can reach. Use the route Print command to display a list of interfaces and their corresponding interface indexes. You can use a decimal or hexadecimal value for an interface index. For hexadecimal values, precede the hexadecimal number with 0x. When the If parameter is ignored, the interface is determined by the gateway address.
/?
Displays help at the command prompt.
Comments
The larger value of the metric column in the routing table is due to the fact that TCP/IP is allowed to automatically determine the number of hops in the route table based on the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway configuration of each LAN interface. The auto-determined interface metric that is started by default determines the speed of each interface, adjusts the number of route hops per interface, so the fastest interface creates a route with the lowest metric. To remove large hops, disable the automatic determination of the interface metric in the advanced properties of the TCP/IP protocol for each LAN connection.

If an appropriate entry exists in the local network file of the systemroot\System32\Drivers\Etc folder, the name can be used for Destination. As long as the name can be decomposed into an IP address through a standard hostname resolution technology such as a domain Name System (DNS) query, it can be used for GATEWAY,DNS queries using the local HOSTS file stored in the systemroot\System32\Drivers\Etc folder and NetBIOS name resolution.

If it is a print or delete command, you can omit the gateway parameter and use wildcards to represent the target and the gateway. The value of the Destination can be a wildcard character specified by an asterisk (*). If the specified target contains an asterisk (*) or a question mark (?), it is treated as a wildcard and only prints or deletes the matching destination route. The asterisk represents any one character sequence, and the question mark represents any one character. For example, 10.*.1, 192.168.*, 127.*, and *224* are all valid uses of Asterisk wildcard characters.

Using a combination of invalid target and subnet mask (netmask) values, the "Route:bad Gateway address netmask" error message is displayed. This error occurs when one or more bits in the target are set to 1, and the corresponding bit in the subnet mask is set to 0. This can be checked by means of a binary notation for the target and subnet masks. The subnet mask in binary representation includes a series of 1 representing the destination network address portion and a series of 2 parts representing the destination host address portion. View the target to determine whether the target's host address portion (as defined by the subnet mask) has some bits set to 1.

Only the route commands for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition, and Windows XP support the-p parameter. This parameter is not supported by the route command for Windows 95 or Windows 98.


This command is available only if the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol is installed as a component of a network adapter property in a network connection.

Example
To display the full contents of the IP routing table, type:

Route print

To display the IP routing table in 10. To start the route, type:

Route print 10.*

To add a default route with a default gateway address of 192.168.12.1, type:

Route add 0.0.0.0 Mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1

To add a route with a destination of 10.41.0.0, a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, and a next-hop address of 10.27.0.1, type:

Route add 10.41.0.0 Mask 255.255.0.0 10.27.0.1

To add a permanent route with a destination of 10.41.0.0, a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, and a next-hop address of 10.27.0.1, type:

Route-p Add 10.41.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 10.27.0.1

To add a route with a target of 10.41.0.0, a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, and a next-hop address of 10.27.0.1, with a metric of 7, type:

Route add 10.41.0.0 Mask 255.255.0.0 10.27.0.1 metric 7

To add a route with a target of 10.41.0.0, a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0, a next-hop address of 10.27.0.1, and an interface index of 0x3, type:

Route add 10.41.0.0 Mask 255.255.0.0 10.27.0.1 if 0x3

To remove a route with the target of 10.41.0.0, Subnet mask 255.255.0.0, type:

Route Delete 10.41.0.0 Mask 255.255.0.0

You want to remove the IP routing table in 10. To start all routes, type:

Route Delete 10.*

To target 10.41.0.0, the next-hop address of the route with the subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 is changed from 10.27.0.1 to 10.27.0.25, type:

Route change 10.41.0.0 Mask 255.255.0.0 10.27.0.25
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Command of Route
routing ip add/delete/set/show interface Add, remove, configure, or display general IP routing settings on the specified interface.
routing ip add/delete/set/show filter adds, deletes, configures, or displays IP packet filters on the specified interface.
routing ip add/delete/show boundary Add, remove, or display multicast boundary settings on the specified interface.
routing ip add/set ipiptunnel Add or configure IP interfaces in IP.
routing ip add/delete/set/show rtmroute Add, configure, or display an unsustainable route table manager route.
routing ip add/delete/set/show persistentroute Add, remove, configure, or display persistent routes.
routing ip add/delete/set/show preferenceforprotocol Add, remove, configure, or display the priority of the routing protocol.
routing ip add/delete/set/show scope adds, deletes, or displays a multicast scope.
routing ip set/show loglevel Configure or display the global IP record level.
routing ip Show helper displays all the Netsh utility sub-environments for IP.
The routing ip Show protocol displays all the IP routing protocols that are running.
routing ip show MFE displays multicast forwarding items.
routing ip Show mfestats displays multicast forwarding item statistics.
routing ip Show boundarystats displays IP multicast boundaries.
The routing ip Show rtmdestinations displays the destinations in the routing Table manager routing tables.
The routing ip Show rtmroutes shows the routes in the routing Table manager routing tables.
routing ip NAT set/show global configures or displays the globally Network address translation (NAT) settings.
routing ip Nat add/delete/set/show interface Add, remove, configure, or display NAT settings for the specified interface.
routing ip Nat add/delete Addressrange Adds or removes an address range in the NAT interface public address pool.
routing ip Nat add/delete addressmapping Add or remove NAT address mappings.
routing ip Nat add/delete portmapping Add or remove NAT port mappings.
routing ip autodhcp set/show global configures or displays the Globals DHCP allocator parameters.
The routing ip Autodhcp Set/show interface configures or displays the DHCP allocator settings for the specified interface.
routing ip autodhcp add/delete exclusion Add or remove an exclusion range from the DHCP allocator address range.
routing ip dnsproxy set/show global configures or displays the DNS proxy parameters globally.
routing ip dnsproxy set/show interface Configure or display the DNS proxy parameters for the specified interface.
routing ip IGMP set/show global configures or displays the IGMP globals settings.
routing ip IGMP add/delete/set/show interface Add, remove, configure, or display IGMP on the specified interface.
routing ip IGMP add/delete staticgroup Add or remove static multicast groups for the specified interface.
routing ip IGMP show grouptable displays the IGMP Host group table.
routing ip IGMP show ifstats displays IGMP statistics for each interface.
routing ip IGMP show iftable displays the IGMP host group for each interface.
routing ip IGMP show proxygrouptable displays the IGMP Group table for the IGMP proxy interface.
routing ip IGMP show rasgrouptable shows the group table for the Internet interface used by the remote access server.
routing ip OSPF set/show global configures or displays the globals OSPF settings.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/set/show interface adds, deletes, configures, or displays OSPF on the specified interface.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/set/show area adds, deletes, configures, or displays OSPF areas.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/show range adds, deletes, configures, or displays a range on the specified OSPF area.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/set/show virtif Add, remove, configure, or display OSPF virtual interfaces.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/show neighbor Add, remove, configure, or display OSPF neighbors.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/show protofilter adds, deletes, configures, or displays a route information source for an OSPF external route.
routing ip OSPF add/delete/show routefilter Add, remove, configure, or display route filtering for OSPF external routes.
The routing ip OSPF show areastats shows the OSPF area statistics.
routing ip OSPF show LSDB shows the OSPF link state database.
routing ip OSPF show virtifstats shows OSPF virtual link statistics.
routing IP relay set global configures the DHCP relay agent globally.
routing IP Relay Add/delete/set interface Add, remove, or configure the DHCP Relay Agent setting on the specified interface.
routing ip relay add/delete dhcpserver Add or remove the IP address of the DHCP server in the DHCP server address list.
routing ip relay show ifbinding displays the IP address bindings for the interface.
The routing ip relay show ifconfig displays the DHCP Relay Agent configuration for each interface.
routing ip relay show ifstats displays the DHCP statistics for each interface.
routing ip RIP set/show global configures the RIP globally setting for IP.
routing ip RIP add/delete/set/show interface Add or configure RIP settings for IP on the specified interface.
routing ip RIP add/delete peerfilter Add or remove RIP peer filters.
routing ip RIP add/delete acceptfilter Add or remove RIP route filters in the accepted routing list.
routing ip RIP add/delete announcefilter Add or remove RIP route filters in the advertised routing list.
routing ip RIP add/delete/show neighbor Add or remove RIP neighbors.
routing ip RIP set/show flags configure IP RIP advanced settings on the specified interface.
routing ip RIP show globalstats shows the global RIP parameters.
routing ip RIP show ifbinding displays the IP address bindings for the interface.
routing ip rip show ifstats shows RIP statistics for each interface.

IPX netsh routing command
Routing IPX Add/set staticroute adds or configures a static IPX route in the IPX routing table.
Routing IPX add/set staticservice Add or configure a static SAP service in the SAP service table.
Routing IPX add/set filter to add or configure IPX packet filters on the specified interface.
Routing IPX Add/set interface enable IPX routing on the demand-dial interface, or configure IPX settings on the specified interface.
Routing IPX set global configures global IPX routing settings.
Routing IPX RIP Add/set filter adds and configures RIP route filters.
Routing IPX RIP set global configures RIP settings for global IPX.
Routing IPX RIP set interface configures RIP settings for IPX on the specified interface.
Routing IPX SAP Add/set filter Adds or configures the SAP service filter.
Routing IPX SAP set global configures the SAP settings for global IPX.
The routing IPX SAP set interface configures the SAP settings for IPX on the specified interface.
Routing IPX NetBIOS add nbname adds a static NetBIOS name to the IPX NetBIOS name table.
Routing IPX NetBIOS set interface configuring IPX-based NetBIOS settings on the specified interface

Detailed routing Table