| Article Description: in a mobile device, common available hardware include microphones, GPS, distance sensors, ambient light sensors, image sensors, reluctance sensors, gravity sensors, directional sensors, accelerometer, three-axis gyroscopes, RFID, NFC, naked-eye 3D, thermometers, vibration sensors, etc. |
In a mobile device, common available hardware include microphones, GPS, proximity sensors, ambient light sensors, image sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, gravity sensors, directional sensors, accelerometer, triaxial gyroscopes, RFID, NFC, naked-eye 3D, thermometers, vibration sensors, etc.
If you want to hunt a tiger, you have to first understand the tiger's habits and weaknesses, otherwise it would be like a embroidered pillow dragon. In the same way, if you want to design a mobile product, you need to first figure out the basic properties of the mobile device. Know what mobile devices are capable of navigating these capabilities and creating an elegant experience.
In a mobile device, common available hardware include microphones, GPS, distance sensors, ambient light sensors, image sensors, reluctance sensors, gravity sensors, directional sensors, accelerometer, three-axis gyroscopes, RFID, NFC, naked-eye 3D, thermometers, vibration sensors, etc.
Microphone
- Principle: Recording/outputting sound, conducting spectrum analysis and finally outputting/inputting in different forms
- Extended applications: Voice input, voice commands, listening and debating, games, etc.
- Representative instances: Speech search, navigator, Shazam, Midomi SoundHound, Intonow, ocarina (Xun)
Gps
- Principle: Made up of 24 working satellites, so that more than 4 satellites can be observed anywhere in the world, at any time, to measure the distance between the satellite in the known location and the user's receiver, and then to synthesize the data of many satellites to know the location of the receiver.
- Extended applications: Positioning (for a more detailed description of positioning can refer to the previous article " Mobile product Design common positioning method ")
- Representative examples: All kinds of MAP applications, lbs related applications
Reluctance sensor (azimuth sensor)
- Principle: The magnetic information will be felt into the digital signal output to the user to use
- Extended Applications: Auxiliary navigation
- Representative examples: Compass patterns for compasses and maps
Comparison of GPs and magnetoresistive sensors
- They don't interfere with each other.
- The reluctance sensor does not receive GPS signals and is a complement to GPS
- Is affected by the geomagnetic field, so the magnetoresistive sensor needs to be corrected frequently.
Distance sensor
- Principle: Generally in the handset on either side or groove, by emitting a particularly short light pulse, and measuring the light pulse from the launch to the object reflected back time, by measuring time to calculate the distance between the object
- Extended Applications: Screen brightness and switch touch screen adjustment when answering the phone
- Representative instance: Sensor screen lock, micro-letter automatic switch handset/Speaker mode
Ambient light sensor
- Principle: The light intensity of the use environment is induced and adjusted according to the light intensity of the external environment.
- Extended application: Automatic screen brightness adjustment, keyboard lamp automatic adjustment
- Representative instance: Screen brightness adjustment, reading mode switching
Video sensor (camera)
- Principle: Converts light into electric charge, converting it into digital signal through a analog-to-digital converter chip
- Extended applications: Photo/video, barcode/two-D code recognition, image recognition/face recognition, motion capture/somatosensory technology, augmented reality
- Representative Example: I check, business card almighty King, Quick shot, butterfly Chihiro, (AR related applications can see " augmented Reality and its extended applications ")
Gravity sensor
- Principle: Mobile gravity sensor refers to the mobile phone built-in gravity rocker chip, the use of piezoelectric effect, feel the mobile phone in the change posture, the center of gravity changes, so that the mobile phone cursor change position. What the gravity sensor can measure is the weight of the cell phone from the different axis planes, which is straight.
- Extended application: Switch between the screen and the opposite direction of equipment
- Representative Example: vertical and horizontal screen automatic switching (some mobile phones can be realized in the view of the album when the photo will automatically according to the screen or vertical screen to automatically switch), swinging the page/change song, call Flip, gravity ball game
Directional sensors
- Principle: The general mobile phone on the direction of the sensor is the induction level of the azimuth angle, rotation angle and tilt angle. can detect the mobile phone is in the upright, inverted vertical, Zoo, right horizontal, Yang, bend State
- Extended Applications: Flight games
- Representative Example: Flying games, racing games
Acceleration Sensor
- Principle: The sensitive element converts the acceleration signal of the measuring point to the corresponding electrical signal. Acceleration sensors can sense accelerations and directions.
- Extended Applications: Acceleration sensing, force size and direction sensing. (In many computers there is also a built-in accelerometer, the basic application scenario is to protect the hard drive when the computer falls)
- Representative Example: kissingly class application, Bowling game (Super Ball Escape), Fishing games
Three-axis gyroscope
- Principle: A single axis can only measure the amount of One direction, that is, a system requires three gyroscopes, and 3-axis one can replace three single axis. The three-axis gyroscope can simultaneously measure the position of 6 directions, move the trajectory and increase the speed. The most important function of the three-axis gyroscope is to "measure the angular velocity to judge the motion of the object, so it is also called the motion sensor", in other words, it can make our iphone know where and where to go.
- Extended applications: Feel the mobile phone at all angles of the changes, sensing equipment movement status, auxiliary GPS positioning
- Representative examples: positioning, measurement (isetsquare), itouch, games (Gyroblox, Modern Warfare 2, sensor mouse)
Gravity induction, directional induction, acceleration induction, triaxial gyroscope
- Gravitational induction, can only be induced to the different axial surface force, is based on the perception of the line;
- Directional sensors, based on plane perception;
- Acceleration sensor, can induce acceleration and direction, the acceleration force can be a constant g can also be a variable, so the acceleration sensor range is larger than the gravity sensor. Some of the phones also say accelerometer sensors, which are actually gravitational sensors.
- The gravitational sensors and accelerometer in the iPhone4 are the same device called a triaxial gyroscope. It can sense the gravity and acceleration of the device in the direction of X, Y and z axes, and the motion trajectory is available.
Vibration Sensor
- Principle: Piezoelectric ceramics can transform vibrations into electric signals
- Extended applications: Device wake-up, Heartbeat, pulse monitoring, lie detector
- Representative instance: no temporary
RFID (non-contact radio frequency identification)
- Principle: RFID tags in the object, when the object into the scope of the reader, can read the relevant information in the label. RFID is divided into 2 parts: tags (rf card), reader. The label is divided into active label (active send signal), passive label (receive signal)
- Extended applications: Indoor positioning, electronic ticket, logistics split
- Representative Example: Mobile wallet, integrated ticket platform
Two-dimensional code
- Principle: A graphic recording data symbol information distributed in a plane (two-dimensional direction) by a certain geometrical figure according to a certain rule. Cleverly utilizing the "0", "the" 1 "the concept of bit flow, using a number of geometric shapes corresponding to the binary to represent the text value information, through the image input device or photoelectric scanning equipment automatically read to achieve information processing automatically.
Two-dimensional code is not always black and white, in fact its color can be changed, two-dimensional code has a strong recognition, when the cover area of less than 30% can still be recognized.
(such as This two-dimensional code is to change the color to increase the personalized content, and, can also refer to my Weibo avatar)
- Extended applications: Open RELATED links, check-in, payment, business cards
- Representative Example: Pay Treasure Bar code payment, I check
Nfc
- Principle: From the RFID and interconnection technology integration evolved, in a single chip combination of induction card reader, inductive card and point-to-point function, in a short distance with compatible devices for identification and data exchange. The technology, which was initially a simple combination of RFID and network technology, has evolved into a short-range wireless communication technology.
But NFC chips have bidirectional read-write capabilities, while RFID ID tag is read-only; NFC requires a lot more distance than Frid.
- Extended Applications: Identity Confirmation (check-in), electronic keys, electronic ticketing, introduction landmarks
- Representative Example: Check-in, swipe, mobile payment
RFID, two-dimensional code, NFC
- NFC is compatible with the current universal RFID protocol and is derived from RFID
- RFID is mainly used for target recognition (one-way), NFC mainly realizes communication between devices (bidirectional)
- NFC requires a lot more distance than Frid.
- The essence of NFC is communication, which does not host data itself
- NFC requires power, similar to Bluetooth
- Two-dimensional code is a unilateral information read
- Two-dimensional code bearer letters, numbers, ASCII codes, and there are no more than 3,000 characters in number
- The two-dimensional code needs to be aligned to the reading device, and NFC only needs to be approached, and the identification work does not need manual intervention
Naked 3D
- Principle: Simply say is not to use polarizing mirror (3D film commonly used), in the plane display 3D stereo effect. At present, there are many open-hole 3D technology, the current implementation of the mobile phone is mainly the sharp parallax Barrier (parallaxbarrier) technology LCD screen
- Extended applications: Games, maps and navigation, video browsing, 3D photo browsing
- Representative Example: Google3d map, Earth3D
Thermometer
- Principle: temperature measurement is achieved by thermal sensitive probes.
However, only test ambient temperature, can not measure the temperature of the object, such as unable to measure body temperature. Measurement of body temperature, such as the need for infrared thermometer device, is not easy to fit into the mobile phone. In addition, easy to be affected by machine temperature, temperature is not very accurate
- Extended applications: Measurement of ambient temperature, body temperature monitoring, disease prediction, Life Service (dressing guide)
- Representative instance: no temporary
Of course, there are the most common WiFi, infrared, Bluetooth and other basic hardware devices can also have a different interaction experience such as bump, here no longer repeat.
In addition, because it is a liberal arts, so this article has a lot of places my personal understanding is not very in place, you are welcome to criticize the knowledge.
