Differences between hubs, switches, routers, reconnections, gateways, and bridges

Differences among hubs, switches, routers, reconnections, gateways, and bridges 1. a hub, also known as a HUB, works on the first layer of the OSI Layer-7 structure and is a shared-bandwidth device, receives data broadcast. Generally, the LAN uses a Star Connection topology, and each workstation is connected to a hub. Because of the bandwidth sharing feature of the hub, the network utilization efficiency is extremely low. Generally, the hub is not used in large and medium-sized networks. The current hubs are basically in full duplex mode, and the common hub transmission rates on the market are generally 100 Mbps. Www.2cto.com 2. As the name suggests, a switch uses exchange as its main function. It works on the OSI Layer 2 (data link layer) and forwards data based on the MAC address. Each port of the vswitch belongs to a conflict domain, while all the ports of the hub belong to a conflict domain. After the switch obtains the target MAC address, find the address table (the port corresponding to the MAC address) stored in the vswitch, confirm the port on which the NIC with this MAC address is connected, and then send the packet to the corresponding port, effectively suppress IP broadcast storms. In addition, the information package is in parallel state, with high efficiency. The forwarding delay of a vswitch is very small, mainly because the hardware design mechanism is very efficient. To support the maximum data transmission rate of each port, the bandwidth of the forwarding packet inside the vswitch must be much larger than the port bandwidth, with a powerful overall throughput, each workstation can be provided with higher bandwidth and higher network utilization, meeting the parallel processing requirements of massive data in a large network environment. 3. Different from hubs and switches, a router works on the layer 3 (Network Layer) of OSI and forwards data packets according to IP addresses. A vro is a network device that can connect multiple networks or CIDR blocks. It can convert data between different networks or CIDR blocks (such as a LAN-large network, it also allocates the most appropriate path for packet transmission so that data can be transmitted between them to form a larger network. The www.2cto.com router has two main functions: data channel function and control function. The data channel functions include forwarding decision, backplane forwarding, and output link scheduling, which are generally completed by specific hardware. The control functions are generally implemented by software, it includes information exchange with neighboring routers, system configuration, and system management. 4. Repeater works on the first layer (Physical Layer) of OSI. Repeater is the simplest network interconnection device that connects two or more network segments of the same network, the physical layer function is used to transmit information by bit on the physical layer of the two network nodes, and to copy, adjust, and enlarge signals to increase the signal transmission distance, extend the length and coverage of the network and support remote communication. Generally, the network segments at both ends of the repeater are network segments rather than subnets. The repeater only sends data from any cable segment to another cable segment, regardless of whether the data contains error data or data unsuitable for the network segment. Most people are exposed to Network Relay. Microwave Relay, laser relay, and infrared relay are involved in communication. The Mechanism is similar to that of bypass. 5. Gateway is also called a protocol converter. In fact, the concept of Gateway is not similar to that of the above device type. However, we will introduce it here for your convenience. A gateway is a complex network connection device that supports conversion between different protocols to achieve interconnection between different protocol networks. The gateway can convert incompatible high-level protocols. To achieve communication between heterogeneous devices, the gateway must translate and convert different link layer, Dedicated Session Layer, presentation layer, and application layer protocols. Therefore, gateways have the characteristics of routers, bridges, and reconnections. To connect two completely different networks (Heterogeneous Networks) together, the gateway is generally used. In the Internet, the two networks must also be interconnected through a computer called the gateway. This computer can decide whether to send user-sent information to the local network based on the IP address of the target computer for communication. At the same time, it also sends the information from the outside to the local computer for receiving, it is a channel connecting a network to another network. To enable the TCP/IP protocol to address, the channel is assigned an IP address, which is called the gateway address. Therefore, the function of the gateway is to connect two devices that use different protocols to translate and convert data of different transmission protocols in the two network segments. In interconnection devices, due to the complexity of protocol conversion, only one-to-one conversion can be performed, or only a few specific application protocols can be converted. 6. Both bridge bridges and switches work on the Layer 2 (data link layer) of the OSI model. They can be seen as a Layer 2 router (the real router works at the network layer, forward packets by IP address ). A bridge can effectively connect two LAN networks and forward Frames Based on the MAC address (physical address), so that local communication is restricted within this segment, and forward the corresponding signal to another network segment, the bridge is usually used to connect a small number of, the same type of network segment.