Differences between point-to-point and end-to-end communication

1. Point-to-point communication
Point-to-point is a physical topology, such as optical fiber, which must be a point-to-point connection and a ddnleased line. That is, no machine exists in the middle of each machine at both ends. Point-to-point is at the network layer. Your transport layer only thinks that my data is directly sent from a to e, but this is not the case. For example, the transport layer is like a leader, and he releases the command: what do you want to do, but what you really do is not him. What you really do is an employee. Maybe the leaders think that you can do a good job in a very simple sentence, but it is difficult for employees to enter the sky, and the procedures are extremely cumbersome, therefore, the transport layer is the leader of the command release, and he is talking about the command, that is, the ultimate goal. Therefore, he only sees the initial address and the final address, both the two endpoints of a task, the network layer is equivalent to an employee. I need to complete the tasks of leadership step by step, from a to B, from B to c ..., so what he sees is only a phase of the entire task, a to B, B to c... this is point-to-point.
2. End-to-End communication
End-to-end is a network connection. To communicate with the network, you must establish a connection. No matter how far there are, and how many machines are in the middle, you must establish a connection between the two ends (source and destination). Once the connection is established, it is already an end-to-end connection, that is, the end-to-end is a logical link. This path may go through a complex physical route. However, no matter whether the two hosts are at either end, they only think that there is a connection between the two ends, once the communication is complete, the connection is released, and the physical line may be used by other applications to establish a connection. TCP is a specific protocol used to establish such an end-to-end connection. So is SPX. The end-to-end is the transmission layer. For example, if you want to transmit data from A to E, it may go through A-& gt; B-& gt; C-& gt; d-& gt; E. For the transport layer, he does not know the existence of B, C, and D. He only thinks that my packet data is from A to E, this is called end-to-end.
In a word, end-to-end is implemented and composed of numerous point-to-point implementations.
3. Advantages and Disadvantages of point-to-point and end-to-end communication
End-to-end and point-to-point are for the relationship between devices transmitted over the network. End-to-End transmission refers to the establishment of a link between two devices through a variety of switching devices before data transmission, just as they are directly connected. After the link is established, the sender can send data until the data is sent. The receiver confirms that the data is successfully received. The point-to-point system refers to the device that the sender transmits data directly to. When appropriate, the device transmits the data to the next device directly connected to the device, data is transmitted to the receiving end through a directly connected device. The advantage of end-to-end transmission is that after the link is established, the sender knows that the receiving device will be able to receive the data and does not need to store and forward the data when it passes through the intermediate switching device. Therefore, the transmission delay is small. The disadvantage of end-to-end transmission is that the device at the sender must participate in the transmission until the receiver receives the data. If the entire transmission delay is long, it will cause a great waste on the device at the sending end. Another disadvantage of end-to-end transmission is that if the receiving device is shut down or fails, end-to-end transmission is impossible. The advantage of point-to-point transmission is that after the sender device sends data, its task has been completed and does not need to participate in the entire transmission process. This will not waste the resources of the sender device. In addition, even if the receiver device shuts down or fails, point-to-point transmission can also use the storage and forwarding technology for buffering. The disadvantage of point-to-point transmission is that after sending data, the sender does not know whether or when the receiver can receive the data. In different layers of a network system, end-to-end transmission or point-to-point transmission may be used. For example, point-to-point transmission is adopted for Internet networks, IP addresses and the following layers, and end-to-end transmission is adopted for layer-4 and above.

Author "learn to change"