oracle|unix| Server
Digital installation of Oracle 8.0.5 server under Unix Version 4.0
Shi Xiaofei
(China Soft Network Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081)
First, the system needs
Before installing the Oracle 8 server, first check to see if the system meets the hardware and software requirements shown in table 1 and table 2.
1. Hardware requirements
Table 1 Hardware Requirements
Hardware Project Requirements
CPU Digital Unix Alpha System
Memory Minimum 128M RAM
Memory size 2-4 times the swap space
Disk drive (diskette drives) at least four devices: one for Oracle software distribution and three for creating a OFA (Optimal flexibal architechure) Adaptive Database
At least 800M of disk space (Oracle 8 server fully installed)
CD-ROM device available for reading in UFS format
Note: This article does not consider the Oracle 8 parallel Server installation, if you want to install a parallel server, requires a number of additional hardware and software requirements and installation procedures, this is not considered.
2. Operating system software Requirements
Table 2 Software Requirements
Software Project Requirements
Operating system Digital Unix, 4.0D version
Under UNIX operating systems, the following commands can be used to determine which operating system packages are installed:
$ uname–a
Ii. preparatory work before installation
Before an Oracle 8 server installation, you must first make the necessary environment settings to perform the installation of the Oracle 8 database only if the system meets the requirements of the installation environment. The settings for the UNIX environment are described in three different ways: (1) root settings, (2) Oracle user settings, and (3) a single Oracle product setting.
1. Root User settings
Log in as root and perform the following tasks to set up an Oracle 8 server environment.
(1) Configuring the Unix kernel
Configure the UNIX kernel interprocess communication parameters (IPC, interprocess communication) to fit the SGA (System Global area) structure of the Oracle8 server. If the system does not have enough shared memory to match the SGA, it may cause the database to fail to start.
Modify the/etc/sysconfigtab file and add the following IPC parameters to the file.
Ipc:shm-max = 2139095040 (2GB–8MB)
Shm-mni = 128
Shm-seg = 32
dlm:dlm_disable_grptx = 0
After saving exits, reboot the system.
(2) Create installation point
When creating a OFA installation, the ORACLE8 server requires at least four installation points: one for software and three for database files.
Software and database installation point names for Oracle must conform to the format of/PM, p is a fixed string, and M is a fixed-length key for distinguishing different mount points. Table 3 is an example of an installation point naming.
Table 3 installation point naming example
Software installation point Database installation point
/u01/u02
/u03
/u04
(3) Create the Database Administrators group
Oracle requires the establishment of two UNIX user groups, one for OSDBA and the other for Osoper. Users in these two groups have the privileges of Oracle DBA and operator, respectively. Under Digital UNIX, the syntax for creating these two groups is:
$ addgroup DBA
$ addgroup Oper
When the system is installed, the system will do the OSDBA as a osoper group, and if you choose the default for the system, the Oper group may not be created because it is a subset of the group DBA.
(4) Create Oracle Users
Oracle users must be created, and subsequent Oracle database installations must be performed under an Oracle account. The syntax is:
$ adduser Oracle–g dba
(5) Create local bin directory
To facilitate Oracle User management systems, a common environment needs to be created. Part of the common environment is to create a local bin directory outside the Oracle_home directory as a shared software area.
A. Create a local bin directory, such as/usr/local/bin;
B. Set the directory in the path path for each user and ensure that all users have permission to execute the directory.
During the installation process, the system places the oraenv (for C shell coraenv) and dbhome two scripts in the $oracle_home/bin directory. After the installation is complete, the root.sh script copies the two files to the/usr/local/bin directory.
(6) Create oratab files
The information for the Oracle instance is saved in the Oratab file. The file is owned by an Oracle account, but when this file is created it resides in a directory that requires root permissions. Run the cdrom_mount_point/orainst/oratab.sh script to create the file in the/etc/oratab directory and read the settings.
2. Oracle User Settings
Log on as an Oracle user to perform the following tasks.
(1) Set File creation permissions
Set Umask to 022 to ensure that the group has read and execute permissions on the files created by the installer without permission to write.
A. Run the umask command to view the current settings;
B. If the umask command does not return 022, set umask 022 in the. Profile or. login file of the Oracle account.
(2) Setting environment variables
Before starting the installation, set the following environment variables in the. Profile or. login file under the Oracle account.
oracle_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.0.5; Export Oracle_home
Ld_library_path=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.0.5/lib; Export Ld_library_path
Oracle_base=/u01/app/oracle; Export Oracle_base
ORACLE_SID=ORCL; Export Oracle_sid
oracle_term=vt100; Export Oracle_term
Ora_nls33=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.0.5/ocommon/nls/admin/data;
Export ORA_NLS33
Path= $PATH: $ORACLE _home/bin; Export PATH
(3) Update the current session environment
After you set up the environment variables for your Oracle account, you need to update your current shell session.
For the Bourne and Korn shells:
$ . . Profile
For C Shell:
$ source. Login
Iii. installation of Oracle 8.0.5
Run the following steps to install the Oracle 8 server.
1. Installation CD-ROM of the loading product
(1) Placing the Oracle CD-ROM drive
(2) If this is an Oracle user, log back in as root and create a directory of CD-ROM installation points.
$ su Root
# mkdir Cdrom_mount_point_directory
(3) Load CD-ROM to installation point directory
# mount–r/dev/cdrom/cdrom_mount_point_directory
2. Start Installation
(1) Loading CD-ROM;
(2) Login with Oracle user and go to orainst directory of CD-ROM;
$ CD Cdrom_mount_point_directory/orainst
(3) Determine that the oracle_term is set to the correct value (if the settings are incorrect, the installation screen display and function keys will not run correctly);
(4) Start installation
A. Graphical interface (motif mode)
$ setenv DISPLAY machine_name:0
$./orainst/m
B. Character interface
$./orainst/c
After entering the installation interface point "Next", the Setting up directory interface;
If the user's environment variable is set correctly, the table of contents in this interface will be set automatically, otherwise it is necessary to select the directory through the "Browse" button, and click "Next" when the setting is complete, and then go to the next step;
The rest of the work is very simple, as long as the prompts to do the basic no problem.
Select "Custom Install", OK, "install,upgate or De-install Software", "Install new product-do not Create DB objects" (The purpose is to create a separate database after the Oracle8 server is successfully installed), check that the "Oracle_home" and "orcale_base" are correct, accept the default log file path, select Install from CDROM, Select the appropriate language (recommended american/english). The installer will tell you where the "root.sh" is in order to execute after the installation is complete. You can choose to install those software, if you have installed the Java SDK and set the correct classpath, you can choose to install JDBC, if installed TCL software package, you can choose the "intelligent Agent", but it is recommended that you do not install these options, You can install it later on demand. Press "Install" to start the installation.
The DBA and Oper groups can accept default values during the subsequent setup process.
After installation of the selected installation software is complete, the system prompts "The requested action has been performed for selected products", press "Exit" to exit setup, and finally on the screen will see a prompt to install a successful prompt " Result:success, or it will report where an error occurred during the installation process.
Add here that you can make the following modifications to the file before you log in as root to run the root.sh file. Increase the environment variable log=/tmp/oracle-root.sh.log so that the script's running results are recorded.
Iv. installation of Patch 8.0.5.2.1
This patch is for Oracle RDBMS, Pl/sql, Replication and Precompiler products, available from the official Oracle Web site, or from some Oracle sites in the country. The installation of the patch is somewhat similar to the installation of the Oracle8 server, and a detailed installation instructions are provided in the patch package, which is not detailed here.
V. Creating a Database
The creation of the database, as well as the installation of the Oracle 8 servers and patches, starts with Orainst, as follows:
$ cd $ORACLE _home/orainst
$./orainst/c
Select Custom Install, Create/upgrade database objects, Create database objects, check oracle_home and Orcale_base, Accept the default log file directory, you must select Oracle 8 Standard RDBMS 8.0.5.0.0, press Install, select Create Product DB objects, select filesystem-based Database. " You can choose to distribute control files across multiple installation points (mount points), or you can select a single installation point. Oracle Corporation strongly recommends that the database be dispersed at at least three separate installation points. Then select the appropriate "Character set", because in the environment variable ORA_NLS33 has set the appropriate character set, here you can choose the default is the environment variable specified character set, for the Chinese general set to ZHS16GBK. Then, you are prompted to enter the password for the system and SYS accounts, and if you need to specify an internal password for the DBA and operator, enter the password, or select "No", enter the "TNS Listener" password, configure "MIS listener" and select "No", Accept the default values for the control file, press OK to the next two screens, and then select Yes to accept the defaults. It takes a long time to start creating the database. Finally, the system prompts "The requested action has been performed for selected products", press "OK" back to the main installation window, exit the installer. The database was successfully created at this time.
VI. launch Oracle database and test
1. Start the database
If the current user is not Oracle (WHOAMI), log on as a Orcale user after exiting the login. If you want to access Orcale from a GUI tool on another PC, you need to run TNS Listener, the default is TCP/IP.
Specify a port for the NET8 listener and add the following item to the file/etc/services.
Listener 1521/tcp #oracle Net8 Listener
Here, listener is the name of this particular listener. The name can be specified by the administrator and must be filled in in the file Listener.ora.
Start Listener (Listener):
Lsnrctl start
To start an Oracle server:
Svrmgrl
Connect Internal
Startup
Quit
Now use Sqlplus to start a script that creates user profiles (profile):
CD $ORACLE _home/sqlplus/admin
Svrmgrl
Connect system/<password> (Default is "manager")
@pupbld. sql
Quit
2. Test
If the user is using the database on the server side, the database operation can now be performed using the sqlplus provided by Oracle8. The password for the system user is first modified here.
Sqlplus Sys/change_on_install
Sql>alter user system identified by New_password;
Sql>exit
If the user is working on the database at the client, the database server listener must first be started and the client will be able to connect to the server side after receiving the request. The server-side listener method is to run the following command: Lsnrctl start, and then the client user has to establish a servies name through NET8 to connect to the server, and finally to operate the database through the client software, such as Sqlplus.
