Display, create, copy, move, and delete CentOS commands

First display: related commands ls, pwd

Ls commands are very powerful and commonly used, but they are hard to remember.

1-1. For non-Internal commands (such as ls, rm, and mkdir), you cannot use help to view help.

1-2, ll = ls-l // display in long format

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Anaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslog

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ll

Total 56

-Rw ------- 1rootroot100902-1021: 03anacon1_ks.cfg

Drwxr-xr-x2rootroot409602-1021: 35 Desktop

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot3203602-1021: 02install. log

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot364262-1020: 59install. log. syslog

[Root @ localhost ~] #

1-3, ls options:

-D (display directory)

-L (long format display)

-F (if it is a folder, it indicates)

-R (recursively viewing Directories)

-A (display all files except the Directory and the parent directory, including hidden files)

-A (display all files, including hidden files and the directories and parent Directories)

-H (display the size of the file or folder in an easy-to-read manner (if a folder is displayed, it must be used with the-d parameter)

1-4, classic instance

[Root @ localhostdata] # ll-hd // hd combination. The attributes of the current folder are displayed in long format.

Drwxr-xr-x4rootroot4.0K02-1021: 49.

[Root @ localhostdata] # ll // only the content in this directory is displayed in long format. Two folders are displayed. ll //-F is better displayed as a folder, which is marked /.

Total 20

Drwx ------ 2rootroot1638402-1104: 45 lost + found

Drwxr-xr-x3rootroot409602-1021: 50 VMtools

[Root @ localhostdata] # ll-F // long format to view the documents in this folder. If it is a folder, it is marked at the bottom right of the folder. The folder // package contains two folders.

Total 20

Drwx ------ 2rootroot1638402-1104: 45 lost + found/

Drwxr-xr-x3rootroot409602-1021: 50 VMtools/

[Root @ localhostdata] # cdVMtools // enter the VMtools folder

[Root @ localhostVMtools] # ll // The difference between-h and-h is not added below, and the font is bold...

Total 60668

-R-xr-xr-x1rootroot196102-1021: 50manifest.txt

-R -- 1rootroot184702-1021: 50run_upgrader.sh

-R -- 1rootroot6063846502-1021: 50vmwarw.ls-9.6.1-1378637.tar.gz

Drwxr-xr-x7rootroot409610-1809: 26vmware-tools-distrib.

-R-xr-xr-x1rootroot68945602-1021: 50vmware-tools-upgrader-32

-R-xr-xr-x1rootroot70247202-1021: 50vmware-tools-upgrader-64

[Root @ localhostVMtools] # ll-h // check the file size in this folder. The-h Parameter indicates the display size in easy-to-understand format, and the bold font indicates the difference. //

Total 60 M

-R-xr-xr-x1rootroot2.0K02-1021: 50manifest.txt

-R -- 1rootroot1. 9K02-1021: 50run_upgrader.sh

-R -- 1rootroot58M02-1021: 50vmwarw.ls-9.6.1-1378637.tar.gz

Drwxr-xr-x7rootroot4.0K10-1809: 26vmware-tools-distrib.

-R-xr-xr-x1rootroot674K02-1021: 50vmware-tools-upgrader-32

-R-xr-xr-x1rootroot687K02-1021: 50vmware-tools-upgrader-64

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-R/boot // The-R parameter indicates recursive display of the/boot directory

/Boot /:

Config-2.6.18-348.el5lost + foundvmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

Grubsymvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

Initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.imgSystem.map-2.6.18-348.el5

/Boot/grub:

Device. mapgrub. confminix_stage1_5stage2

E2fs_stage%5iso9660_stage%5reiserfs_stage%5ufs2_stage%5

Fat_stage%5jfs_stage%5splash.xpm.gzvstafs_stage%5

Ffs_stage00005menu.lststage1xfs_stage00005

/Boot/lost + found:

2. pwd command

Simply display the current path

[Root @ localhostnetwork-scripts] # pwd

/Etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

[Root @ localhostnetwork-scripts] # cd ..

[Root @ localhostsysconfig] # pwd

/Etc/sysconfig

[Root @ localhostsysconfig] #

Second: Create mkdir

Usage: mkdir [Option] Directory...

If the directory does not exist, create a directory.

Long Options are required when short options are used.

-M, -- mode = mode: Set the permission <mode> (similar to chmod), instead of rwxrwxrwx minus umask

-P, -- create the upper-level directory when parents is required. If the directory already exists, it is not treated as an error.

-V, -- verbose displays information every time a new directory is created

-- Help: displays the help information and exits.

-- Version: Output version information and exit

After-p is added, no error will be prompted, no matter whether you repeat the same directory of your resume or you have created two directories under the directory:

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Anaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslog

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mkdira

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Aanaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslog

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mkdira

Mkdir: the directory "a" cannot be created. The file already exists.

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mkdir-pa

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mkdira/aa/aaa

Mkdir: the directory "a/aa/aaa" cannot be created: the file or directory does not exist.

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mkdir-pa/aa/aaa

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Aanaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslog

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-R

.:

Aanaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslog

./:

Aa

./A/aa:

Aaa

./A/aa/aaa:

./Desktop:

[Root @ localhost ~] #

Third: Create the ln of the linked file

1. When no parameter is added, it creates a hard link and cannot be used across partitions.

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ln/etc/passwd./passwd // create a hard link for/etc/passwd in the root directory

Ln: creating a hard link "./passwd" pointing to "/etc/passwd": The file already exists.

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ll

Total 60

Drwxr-xr-x3rootroot409602-1200: 08a.

-Rw ------- 1rootroot100902-1021: 03anacon1_ks.cfg

Drwxr-xr-x3rootroot409602-1200: 25 Desktop

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot3203602-1021: 02install. log

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot364262-1020: 59install. log. syslog

Lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot1102-1200: 11passwd->/etc/passwd

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Aanaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslogpasswd

[Root @ localhost ~] # Cd/boot // go to the boot directory

[Root @ localhostboot] # ln/etc/passwd. /passwd // create a hard link of/etc/passwd in the boot Directory, which cannot be created, the disk/space attached to the/boot directory is independently divided into disk space. Hard links cannot be connected across devices, so they cannot be created.

Ln: creating a hard link "./passwd" pointing to "/etc/passwd": Invalid cross-device connection

[Root @ localhostboot] # ln-s/etc/passwd./passwd // you can see that the soft connection created by ln-s can be cross-partition.

[Root @ localhostboot] # ll

Total 6333

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot678572012-11-29config-2.6.18-348.el5

Drwxr-xr-x2rootroot102402-1021: 03 grub

-Rw ------- 1rootroot283762602-1021: 54initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img

Drwx ------ 2rootroot1228802-1104: 45 lost + found

Lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot1102-1212: 44passwd->/etc/passwd

-Rw-r--r--1rootroot1186262012-11-29symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot12316242012-11-29system.map-2.6.18-348.el5

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot21256602012-11-29vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

[Root @ localhostboot] #

2. The-s parameter indicates creating a shortcut (soft connection)

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ln-s/etc/passwdpasswd

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ll

Total 60

Drwxr-xr-x3rootroot409602-1200: 08a.

-Rw ------- 1rootroot100902-1021: 03anacon1_ks.cfg

Drwxr-xr-x2rootroot409602-1021: 35 Desktop

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot3203602-1021: 02install. log

-Rw-r -- 1rootroot364262-1020: 59install. log. syslog

Lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot1102-1200: 11passwd->/etc/passwd

[Root @ localhost ~] #

Fourth: Copy cp

Common Command Options:

-I: if the same file exists, the system prompts whether to overwrite the file.

-R: recursively copy the entire directory (add the r parameter when copying a directory)

-F: Force overwrite, no prompt (relative to-I)

-P: Keep the attribute of the source file unchanged.

Note: When using cp, You can first check the alias command. The default cp command is cp-I, that is, when using cp, it actually uses cp-I, that is, if you want to cancel the message with cp-f, you must first cancel cp = cp-I; or add an escape character # \ cp-ffile1.txt/host/test/

Common Commands include:

[Root @ localhost ~] # Cp-r/boot/grub/etc/host. confDesktop // copy the grub directory and host. conf file to the // Desktop directory

[Root @ localhost ~] # LsDesktop/

Grubhost. conf

[Root @ localhost ~] # Cp-rf/boot/grub/etc/host. confDesktop // at this time, the overwriting will not be reminded. If the f parameter is not added, a reminder will be sent one by one.

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-FDesktop/

Grub/host. conf

[Root @ localhost ~]

Fifth: Move and rename music videos

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Aanaconda-ks.cfgDesktopinstall.loginstall.log.syslogpasswd

[Root @ localhost ~] # Touchfile1

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mvfile1file2 // change the name of file1 to file2

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls

Aanaconda-ks.cfgDesktopfile2install.loginstall.log.syslogpasswd

[Root @ localhost ~] # Mvfile2Desktop // move file2 to the Desktop directory under this directory

[Root @ localhost ~] # LsDesktop/

File2grubhost. conf

[Root @ localhost ~] #

Sixth: delete rm and rmdir

The rm parameter is similar to the cp parameter, mainly r and f.

-F indicates no reminder

-R: recursively deletes a directory (add-r to delete the Directory)

[Root @ localhostDesktop] # rm-rgrub // Add the-r parameter to delete a directory recursively

Rm: Do you want to go to the "grub/" directory /"?

[Root @ localhostDesktop] # rmgrub // The directory cannot be deleted without the-r parameter.

Rm: the directory "grub/" cannot be deleted: it is a directory.

[Root @ localhostDesktop] # rm-rgrub/

Rm: Do you want to go to the "grub/" directory /"?

// Enter "y" to delete the object one by one. A message indicating whether to confirm the deletion is required for each step is displayed. In this case, the-f parameter is added to cancel the reminder.

[Root @ localhostDesktop] # rm-rfgrub //-rf Delete directory without reminder, force recursive Delete

[Root @ localhostDesktop] # The ls // grub directory is deleted.

File2host. conf

[Root @ localhostDesktop] #

Rmdir can only delete one empty directory, so you don't need to use it. You know rm-rf can delete any directory, but it is dangerous.

I will remember simple commands, but I often forget the parameters!