Eleven indexing functions

An index is a stable and open information structure. It has eleven features.

1. decomposition Function

The data unit in the document (such as the name, organization, phrase, concept, thing name, place name, title, name, word, symbol, etc.) is decomposed one by one, which is the index decomposition function. It is the starting line of indexing and the basis of indexing compilation. Without such a decomposition function of the document content, there will be no indexing.

In the past, some people opposed the index said that the index was to cut down the ancient book ". Their opposition to the indexing method is due to their preference for the long-standing bad habits and their ignorance of the new academic methods, hong Ye once despised them as the yunyu, who lie in the same way, to fight for the water, but I do not know the Xijiang water can envy. Even so, the so-called index refers to the image of the ancient book "Ling chi cut", but it is very correct from the opposite side to break through the index decomposition function.

The decomposition function is a special function used by indexes to act on documents. It is different from other searches.

2. Sorting Function

Each document contains many data units of different nature, which are basically disordered in the document. Sort the disordered data units into categories based on the characteristics or content of the External table. This is the sorting function of the index. Zhang Xuesheng has long discovered this function. In his letter to the family sun Shouyi Shi table, he asked him to compile the name of the person in the column of the Second history into an index when governing the 24-year history table, the two are the latitude and longitude of each other, so that the archaeological scholar can suddenly comb through the details of the chaos.

The sorting function is the successor of index decomposition. If there is only the decomposition function but not the sorting function, the decomposition function has no value.

Sorting is the initial score of the data unit. If it is a word order, you only need to classify by strokes or audio order; if it is a class order, you only need to generalize by class. Just like a girl combing her hair, she combed her hair first, and What braid or hair style she prepared was the next step.

3 combination Functions

According to the classification requirements, the sorted data units strictly organize their category levels and the sequence of topics under the category and the same category; or according to the requirements in the Lexicographic Order, strictly place the formal or inverted structure of the target, consider the limit words to limit and modify the series of the target, or consider the possibility of combining the word order and class order. In addition, both class order and word order should consider establishing a scheme by referring to the system, so that the relevant projects form a network, so that the user's search horizon can be broadened. These are the combination of indexes.

In the past, foreign counterparts once named the page-side index of the Bible "beaded". Some people in China once indexed the prescriptions of Materia Medica and named it "Needle, "beaded" and "Needle" are the characteristics of the index combination. It makes the document data unit a string of pearls and becomes the treasures of the data unit that is penetrated by needles.

4. networking functions

The documents in a certain field are indexed and compiled in a planned manner. The types of structures are used to reveal and combine the contents of these documents from different angles and layers, to form a network for retrieving data units of different nature in these documents. This is the index's networking function.

The Chinese key words table, which consists of "main table", "Word Family Index", "category index", and "English-Chinese Contrast Index", is constructed by several different types of indexes. the relationship between subject words, the identification of subject words, and whether the subject concepts of the indexed documents are exactly an implicit Semantic Network, it is used to generate family search and Expand search paths for data units in the literature. The structure and function of this network is an example of using the indexing and networking functions.

The integration of ancient and modern books covers the vast majority of literature before the early Qing Dynasty and is the largest book category in China. According to its characteristics, Lin Zhongxiang, Guangxi University, compiled the index of the Three Classics, weft indexes, chart indexes, character and biography indexes, the indexing of posts and functions, and the index of birds, Cordyceps, respectively, from different perspectives such as categories and content of the book, a strict network for revealing is compiled, which is an example of the specific use of the indexing and networking function.

5. Revealing features

The decomposition function only refers to the Objective Anatomy of the document, and the revealing function has a strong purpose. It most often appears to select certain data units according to the professional needs.

In the compilation of topic indexes, the analysis of topic concepts and the selection of key words, including the analysis of hidden themes are the embodiment of this function.

Various topic indexes or various professional digest indexes are also used to reveal indexes. Xu keqi of the Qing Dynasty praised Cai liexian's "materia medica Wanfang needle line" as a mirror test and a candle. This is a vivid description of the index revealing function.

6. Authentication

Literature is the materialization of the author's thinking, including the author's unique speech trajectory and ideological temperament used to display his intelligence. In the publication history of documents, due to various motives and causes, the true and false characteristics are used to identify the truth by Du pseudo. Many people refer to the classics, draw a few lines of research, and draw ten millions of words, it even caused the emergence of school surveys. In recent years, an index-based identification method has been created to break down the identified documents by means of a verbatim index, that is, to analyze the words used by the author from both versions) to identify its authenticity.

A British female Research Scientist, Carol sipeqin, once made interesting word statistics and analysis on Shakespeare's plays. She found that, many poetic languages used by SHA's are related to nature and rural life. When another person studied Sima Qian's "historical records · Mass Data Transfer", he found that less than 5000 words of this article actually used 49 times of "rich, "rich" is the topic of this paper. These examples prove that the anatomy of words in the document can discover the author's special temperament and language habits, and the index can use this potential law to identify the authenticity of the document.

7. Tracking

Indexing can trace the traces of things in various fields in the literature just like a sensedog.

The indexing of an old newspaper can track major historical events in that era and clearly reproduce the context of these major historical events. The indexing of a similar book, it can track the achievements and words and deeds of many celebrities. It is a post-publication index of professional journals that can track the status of research in the current year. It is a back-tracing index of newspapers and periodicals across multiple years, is a multi-function tracing record.

Tracing is one of the indexing functions.

8 navigation

Navigation is a guide, which has a strong evaluation orientation, and indexing has this function.

In the past, there were some so-called new products in our country, and we asked about the market with the active efforts of technicians, but we were called back on the international market because this new product has become an old product in other countries. One of the reasons is that the technical staff's intelligence is not working properly is that they do not access the relevant indexes, and they do not rely on this intelligence navigation tool to lose their production direction.

In the field of philosophy and social science, indexing often provides first-hand materials on the theoretical trend and level of a certain professional in a certain period of time. Many researchers rely on Indexing navigation, find your own harbor and reach the other side.

Hong Ye pointed out in "Introduction" that: "The author gives scholars the opportunity to travel to the boat and car of his nationality. The better the boat, the wider the game, the deeper it is ." This is the index navigation function.

9. Simplicity

Do you think it is difficult to stretch your scientific research skills in the information explosion literature environment? Then, compile the index for your research object first, so that you can simplify the complexity. Gu Zhigang, a Chinese historian, once said: "I often want to organize materials first instead of academic research institutes ." "Indexing is also the basis of research. It can give you a key, so that you can find a clue in a lot of unclear materials and get what you need ."

Kwic and kwoc, which are widely used in foreign countries to quickly reflect scientific research information, are the tools that give full play to the indexing simplicity function and display the keywords in many scientific research journals in the most brief format, this allows users to enjoy the benefits of "indexing at hand, keeping thousands of journals under control", while avoiding the effort to spend half of their research time on numerous data stacks. As a result, many researchers have praised indexing for its amazing use of "increasing life in the sky.

10 search functions

Indexing is born in the historical background of difficult literature retrieval, and its retrieval function comes along with the emergence of indexing. In the history of index development in the past two thousand years, the change and development of search functions are its main contents. Therefore, the retrieval function is the most basic index function.

Once any document or work record is hooked up with the indexing method, It will be freed from the dilemma of endless doubts, and quickly get the advantages of convenient retrieval, the indexing of personnel files and payroll in an organization or enterprise is the same. Another headache for tourists is that they have bought a map at a tourist point, but it is as difficult as a haystack to find a region, a street or a lane. After this map is indexed with a place name, the desired place name can be obtained immediately.

11 Prediction

There are many mathematical phenomena in the index. For example, from the citation index statistics to the frequency of the cited author's paper, we can basically predict the appearance of this professional academic leader; from the topic content recorded in the index, we can predict the trend of future academic research. From the frequency of product names in the index, you will be able to predict the Hot commodities that will emerge in the market. These are the index prediction functions.