English Grammar final Collector's note-20 flip

Flip

The word order of English sentences is usually fixed: the subject is before the predicate, which is called the statement word order. The phenomenon of all or part of the predicate (auxiliary or modal verb) placed before the subject is called inversion. There are two situations: grammatical inversion and rhetorical inversion. Because the grammatical structure must be inverted, called the grammar flip, in order to achieve a certain rhetorical purpose and inverted, called rhetoric flip. The main purpose of our study is to increase our understanding of the diversity of English sentence patterns so that we can use them in writing and speaking, which is also the main purpose of our learning English grammar.

First, the grammatical inversion

1. General interrogative sentences and special questions to be inverted

For example:

Shall I open the door? Do you want me to open the door?

Is you cold? Are you cold?

Can you read this poem in German? Can you recite the poem in German?

Which of the pictures do you like best? Which picture do you like best?

How is you getting along? How are you doing now?

When would there be lasting peace?

When will there be lasting peace in the world?

2. There be sentence. There be sentence meaning: "Somewhere there is ...". The subject of this sentence is behind the predicate verb, so this is the inverted word order.

For example:

There is not many people who want to read the book.

There are not many people who want to read the book.

There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.

In this hole once lived a group of wolves.

There happened to is a taxi parked at the gate.

There happened to be a taxi parked at the door.

There is going to being a change in our arrangement.

There will be a change in our arrangement.

3. When the conjunction as means "although, although" to guide concession adverbial clauses, the sentence to flip, as the equivalent of though, can be replaced.

Such as:

Small As/though The atom is, we can smash it.

Although the atom is small, we can crush it.

Tired As/though He was, and he went on working.

(=although He was very tired, and he went on working.)

Although he was very tired, he went on working.

Cold As/though It is, we went out. Although it was cold, we went out.

Child As/though She is, she knows a great deal.

Although she is a child, she knows a lot.

Teacher as he knows little about teaching.

Although he is a teacher, he doesn't know anything about teaching.

Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.

Although he claimed to be a pilot, no one saw him as a non-aircraft.

Note that the following four sentences are countable nouns singular as a predicative and in advance, not used to the article.

Translation exercises:

Although he was hurt himself, he tried to help others out of danger.

→wounded as he himself was, he still tried to help others to safety.

Although he is famous, he is very approachable.

→famous as he is, he's easy going.

Though he was a prisoner, he behaved like a king.

→captive as he is, he still behaves as if he were a king/behaves like a king.

4. When the if of the subjunctive mood clause is omitted, the were, had or should in the subordinate clause are moved to the subject. (If the omission, inversion is limited to clauses in the were, had or should the three words.) ）

For example:

If I had been in your place, I wouldn ' t has given it up so early.

=had I been in your place, I wouldn ' t has given it up so early.

If I were in your position, I would not give up so early.

If He were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.

=were He to succeed, the sun ....

If he can succeed, the sun will come out from the west.

If you should is asked about this, say it know nothing.

=should you are asked about this, say ...

If someone asks you about this, you say you don't know anything.

Were there no air or water, there would is no life on the earth.

Without air and water, there would be no life on Earth.

Had been more careful, you might has avoided the mistake.

If you were more careful, it would have been possible to avoid this mistake.

5. Start with so, say "also the same", "also this" sentence to flip. So is used to affirm the sentence, instead of the adjective, noun or verb above, usually refers to the above mentioned affirmation also applies to other people or things. The structure is "so + being (do, with other auxiliary verbs or modal verbs) + subject".

Such as:

Production is going up, so is the people's standard of living.

Production continues to grow and people's living standards are the same.

Society had changed and so had the people in it. Society has changed,

People in society have also changed.

Coal is under the ground. Coal is under the ground, so is oil.

He saw it, and so did I. He sees it and I see it.

They can swim now, and so can we. They can swim now, so can we.

We must start for the Work-site now. So must.

It's time for us to leave for the construction site.

Note: If you only agree to the contents of the preceding sentence, do not flip.

Such as:

It is hot yesterday. ？ So it was! It was very hot yesterday. Yes.

He works very hard. ？ So he does. He works very hard. Yes.

Tomorrow'll be Monday. ？ So it'll. Tomorrow Monday. Right.

Translate the following sentences:

1) I can speak English. So will my brother.

→i can speak 中文版. So can my brother.

2) They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. We went, too.

→they went to the Summer Palace, last Sunday. So do we.

3) He has been to the Great Wall. I've been there, too.

→he has been to the great Wall. So has I.

4) She likes to teach English. My sister likes it, too.

→she enjoys teaching 中文版. So does my sister.

5) You say he works hard, yes, he really works hard, and so do you.

→you say he works hard. So he does.

Note: In the so.....that structure, if so is at the beginning of the sentence, it is usually also used as a flip structure.

For example:

So easy is it, a boy can learn it.

It's easy, kids can learn.

(The original sentence is: It's so easy, a boy can learn it.)

So rapidly do he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly. He spoke so quickly that we couldn't hear clearly.

(The original sentence is: He spoke so rapidly that we could hardly understand him clearly.)

6. A sentence that begins with neither and nor, which means "... Nor "when the sentence is inverted." Neither is the same as nor, and can be interchanged. Neither, nor used in negative sentences, usually refers to the previously mentioned negative situation also applies to other people or things. The structure is: neither (NOR) + be (does, have, other auxiliary verbs or modal verbs) + subject.

For example:

I won ' t do such a thing. Nor/neither'll anyone else.

I will not do such a thing, nor will anyone else.

The first one wasn ' t good and neither was the second.

The first one is not good, the second one is not good.

I won ' t go there. Neither would she.

I will not go there. She won't go either.

Translation exercises:

1) I don't know where he lives. She doesn't know either.

I don ' t know where he lives. Neither does she.

2) I don't know the difference between the two sentences. They don't know either.

I don ' t know the difference between these II sentences. Nor do they.

3) I didn't write a composition last night. Wei Fang didn't write either.

I didn ' t write my composition yesterday evening. Neither did Wei Fang.

4) The students are not in the classroom. The teacher is not here either.

The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.

7. In a sentence beginning with here, there, now and then. It is customary to use the usual present time (divided by the sentence that begins with the past).

For example:

There comes the bus! The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. The bell rang.

Now comes your turn. It's your turn.

Then came a new difficulty. Then came a new problem.

Then followed three days of heavy rain. After three days of heavy rain.

Up went the plane. Flew up the plane.

Our rushed a cat from under the bed. A cat sprang from under the bed.

Here's a letter for you. Here is a letter for you.

Note: In this sentence pattern, if the subject is a pronoun, do not flip.

For example:

Here is. Here you go.

There he comes. He's coming.

Here it's. This is.

8. In the sentence that expresses the wish.

Such as:

May all have a pleasant trip. Wish you a pleasant journey.

Second, rhetoric flip

1. In never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly....when, no Sooner....tha n, by no means, under no circumstances, etc. in the beginning of the sentence, the main predicate to flip. These are words or phrases that represent negative or semi-negative meanings.

For example:

Never have I come across such a difficult problem.

I have never encountered such a difficult problem.

Seldom do I read such magazines. I seldom read this kind of magazine.

No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.

They had just left, and the bus came.

Never before have I met him. I have never seen him before.

Hardly did I think it possible. I think it's almost impossible.

Not only should we is afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we must try our best to overcome them.

Not until midnight did it stop raining. It didn't stop raining until midnight.

(The normal word order is: It did not stop raining until midnight. Note the change of not position)

Very seldom do I find that both clocks or watches exactly agree. It's hard to find two clocks or watches in exactly the same time.

By no means would this method produce satisfactory results.

This approach will never produce satisfactory results.

Translation exercises (using flip structure):

1) I have never read such an interesting book.

Never has I read such an interesting book.

2) She had no idea what would happen.

Little does she know what may happen.

3) I can't believe it's true.

Hardly could I believe it (to BES) true.

4) Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily.

5) I seldom see her recently.

Seldom has I met her recently.

6) Einstein is not only a world-famous scientist, but also a very good violinist.

Not only is Einstein a world famous scientist, but also a fairly good violinist.

7) He didn't go home until the war was over.

Not until after the war did he return home.

(The normal word order is: He did not return home until after the war.)

8) In any case, we should not do anything that violates the will of the people.

Under no circumstances should we do anything against the'll of the people.

2. In the sentence beginning with "only+ adverbial", the main verb is to flip. It is the key that there must be an adverbial or adverbial clause in the back of which it is modified. Otherwise it will not flip.

For example:

Able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.

Only after the end of the war did mankind realize the evil of the atom bomb.

(Note: Only the adverbial clause of the Guide does not flip, the main sentence flip.) ）

Only then did I realize the importance of 中文版.

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

Can we improve ourselves.

Only in this way can we constantly improve ourselves.

Only after you finish it can leave.

Only after it has been finished can you leave. (main sentence flip)

Note: Only if not the first sentence, or only modified not adverbial, then not flip.

Such as:

The contract is signed only after bitter negotiations.

The contract was signed only after difficult negotiations.

(Changed to flip: only after bitter negotiations is the contract signed.)

The senior staff is allowed to use this.

Only senior staff are allowed to use this room.

Only five passengers survived the accident.

Only five passengers survived the accident.

Translation exercises (with flip structure):

1) I just heard the unfortunate news this morning.

→only this morning did I hear the sad news.

2) He can go to school after 1949 years.

→only after 1949 is he able to go to school.

3) After a few months, I saw the result of the work.

→only after several months do I see the results of my work.

4) He agreed to our opinion after a long debate.

→only after a long argument do he agree with us.

5) only in this way can you learn English well.

→only in this "Can you learn 中文版"

3. A sentence used to begin with an adverb representing a place, sound, etc meaning. In order to be vivid, some adverbs can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, and the predicate verb is placed before the subject, and the inverted structure is formed by using the intransitive verbs (such as go, come, rush, fly, etc.) to represent the motion.

For example:

Away flew the birds. The bird flew away.

Out went the children. The children were out.

Down came the rain. It rained heavily.

Bang went the firecracker. The firecracker slammed into a sound.

The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.

The door suddenly opened and a stranger rushed in.

4. Use flip-top to avoid top-heavy and make sentences look balanced. This is mainly because the subject is too long or emphasizes the predicative or adverbial.

For example:

At the center of the big class over there are a table that's made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.

In the middle of the big house there is a table made of wood imported from Brazil in South America.

(Normal word order: A table that is made of wood which are imported from Brazil of South America are at the center of the big class over th Ere. The subject and predicate are spaced too long and unbalanced. ）

Still wider be is the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense.

Radar plays a very important role in our national defense, and its usefulness will be wider.

(Normal word order: the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense, would be still wider. The subject and predicate are spaced too long and unbalanced. ）

Written in Chinese on the blackboard were these words: "Merry christmas!" written on the blackboard in English with such a few words: "Merry Christmas!" ”

Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the Chinese teacher, and the students ' parents. The meeting was attended by principals, English teachers and parents of students.

Inside the pyramids is the burial rooms for the Kings and queens and a long passages to these rooms. Inside the pyramid are tombs of kings and queens and long passages leading to the tomb.

5. Other usage

(1) inversion can also be used in sentences that emphasize the predicative and the object. The predicative and the object are mentioned before the subject.

Such as:

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

Einstein was such a simple man who had made great achievements.

Such was the story he told me. This is the story he told me.

Happy is he and devotes himself to the cause of communism.

Those who devote themselves to the cause of Communism are happy.

Great has been our achievements since 1978.

The achievements we have made since 1978 years have been great.

So careful was she in doing hers job that she never makes mistakes.

She works so hard that she never makes mistakes.

Involved in the problem is some teaching methods.

There are some teaching methods involved in this problem.

Written on the label is the model of the machine.

The type of the machine is written on the label.

Very important in We lives is reading. It is very important in our life to read books.

Still greater contributions should we make to promoting the friendship. We should make a greater contribution to the promotion of friendship.

Note: If the subject is a pronoun, and there is no longer modifier, even if the predicative is not inverted.

Such as:

Terribly hot it certainly was. It is really too hot.

A very reliable person he is. He is a reliable man.

(2) Some sentences that wish are inverted.

Such as:

Long Live the friendship among the Asian people and sportsmen!

Long live the friendship between Asian peoples and athletes!

may return safe and sound. I wish you a safe return!

May succeed. I wish you success.

May your country become rich and strong. May the prosperity of your motherland be strong.

(3) in order to often, always, once, many a time, today and then, every, every, hours, thus (adverbial), so (degree adverbial), in T He distance, in front of the beginning of the sentence, if the emphasis of these adverbial, flip, if you do not want to emphasize these adverbial, do not flip.

Such as:

Often did we warn them does it. We often warn them not to do it.

Often had I intended to speak of it. I have wanted to talk about it many times.

Many a time has the he helped me with my experiment.

He helped me with the experiment more than once.

Thus was the Emperor deceived. So the emperor was deceived.

So busy was he that he had no time to spare. He is too busy to spare a little time.

So fast does light travel, that it's difficult for us to imagine's speed. The propagation of light is so fast that it is hard to imagine its speed.

In the distance is a tall tree. There is a big tree in the distance.

Translation exercises (place adverbial at the beginning of sentence, flip):

1) Under the big Tree sits an old peasant.

Under the big tree was sitting a old farmer.

2) There is a boy standing outside the classroom.

Outside The classroom stood a boy.

3) Behind the farmhouse is a piece of rice paddies.

Behind The Farmhouse is a rice field.

4) There is a beautiful little lake at the foot of the hill.

At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.

(4) in the direct speech after the quote is what people say the sentence, the subject is a noun, often flip structure, the subject is a pronoun, often do not flip structure.

For example:

"You do well in the exam," said the teacher.

"All of you have a good test." The teacher said.

"How are your mother?" asked her friend.

"How's your mother doing?" Asked her friend.

"Let's Go," suggested Mary. "Let's go." "Mary suggested that.

"nonsense!" shouted the man. Nonsense "The man shouted."

"Whom is looking for?" she asked. "Who are you looking for?" "she asked.

"Yes, I ' m A new student," he answered.

"Yes, I am a freshman. "He answered.

A comprehensive practice of inverted sentences

1. Rewrite the following sentences into inverted sentences and put the words in parentheses in the first sentence:

Models:

The lesson had hardly begun when the lights went out. (hardly)

→hardly had the lesson begun when the lights went out.

It can ' t be done with any other the. (in no other)

→in no other The can it is done.

1) They had never seen such a sight before. (Never before)

→never before had they seen such a sight.

2) They had no sooner entered the theatre than the performance began. (No sooner)

→no sooner had they entered the theatre than the performance began.

3) She won't do such a thing under any circumstances. (under no circumstances)

→under no circumstances would she do such a thing.

4) The lesson won't begin until everyone is seated. (not until)

→not until everyone is seated would the lesson begin.

5) I'll on no account sign this document. (on no account)

→on no account would I sign this document.

6) He wrote the badly that I couldn ' t read it. (So badly)

→so badly did he write the letter that I couldn ' t read it.

7) You'll succeed only to working hard. (only)

→only by working hard would you succeed.

8) He seldom takes a holiday. (seldom)

→seldom does he take a holiday.

9) He isn't only advised me. He also lent me the money. (Not only)

→not only does he advise me what does, he also lent me the money.

Ten) He hardly realizes how ill he is. (hardly)

→hardly does he realize how ill he is.

One) The old mans didn ' t say a word. (Not a word)

→not A word did the old man say.

) The soldiers didn ' t utter a sound while the general is speaking. (Not a sound)

→not a sound does the soldiers utter while the general is speaking.

) I have hardly ever seen anyone so unhappy. (Hardly ever)

→hardly ever has I seen anyone so unhappy.

) I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset. (rarely)

→rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

) He didn ' t speak to us even once. (Not even once)

→not even once did he speak to us.

2. Translate the following sentences with a flip structure:

1) The gun slammed and the birds flew.

Crack went the gun and away flew the birds.

2) A group of soldiers suddenly rushed into the house.

Suddenly into the house rushed a group of soldiers.

3) He simply has no time to play.

Scarcely could he find time for playing.

4) There is a tall building near our school.

Near we school there stands a high building.

5) I seldom go out for a walk alone at night.

Seldom do I go for a walk in the evening by myself.

6) She could hardly express her gratitude in words.

Hardly could she express her gratitude in words.

7) If you had come a moment earlier, you would have caught the train.

Had arrived a little earlier, you could has caught the train.

8) It was a week before she knew that her father had died.

Only after a week do she know about her father ' s death.

9) He is not only diligent, but also imaginative.

Not only was he industrious, but he was also imaginative.

Ten) If you had listened to his advice, you would have succeeded already.

Had you followed he advice, you would has succeeded.

English Grammar final Collector's note-20 flip