1. left outer join: LEFT OUTER JOIN
SELECT e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_name
FROM employees e
Left outer join orders ments d
ON (e. department_id = d. department_id );
Equivalent
SELECT e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e. department_id = d. department_id (+ );
Result: Records of all employees and their respective departments, including records of employees who do not have the corresponding department number department_id.
2. right outer join: RIGHT OUTER JOIN
SELECT e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_name
FROM employees e
Right outer join orders ments d
ON (e. department_id = d. department_id );
Equivalent
SELECT e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_name
FROM employees e, departments d
WHERE e. department_id (+) = d. department_id;
Result: Records of all employees and their respective departments, including records of departments without any employees.
3. full outer join: FULL OUTER JOIN
SELECT e. last_name, e. department_id, d. department_name
FROM employees e
Full outer join orders ments d
ON (e. department_id = d. department_id );
Result: Records of all employees and their respective departments, including employee records without the corresponding department number department_id and department records without any employees.