FAQs for new Linux Users

Article Title: FAQs for new Linux users. Linux is a technology channel of the IT lab in China. Some basic categories, such as desktop applications, Linux system management, kernel research, embedded systems, and open-source systems, are frequently asked by new users (I am also new to myself) in the Forum, I have seen these questions in my previous posts. When answering some questions, I can still remember that I have answered these questions. These may be something that many new users have to go through. Therefore, I would like to write a frequently asked question here, and I hope you can add it. The younger brother is also a newbie, and there will inevitably be some incorrect expressions in the middle. Please give them some tips. Thank you.
　
Let's talk about a good scanning tool. It is said that someone in the matrix has used Nmap. Later I thought it was more convenient than netstat.
　
　　 I. Questions about virtual machines
　
(1) virtual machines are installed under xp, and linux is installed on the Virtual Machine. How can we achieve file sharing between two systems.
　
First, you must configure the Virtual Machine network. This depends on your actual situation. For example, if my network is Intranet (DHCP gets 1
　
Intranet IP addresses), I will select bridging to connect directly to the physical network, so that my virtual machine will also get an intranet IP address. In this way, the real host and virtual machine are in the same network. After starting the virtual machine, obtain the IP address and ping the real machine to ensure that the network between the two machines is connected.
　
The following is just done:
　
A: file sharing through FTP is often used in freshman year. in linux, FTP software is usually installed when I install it. At that time, it is VSFTP. As long as this service is started, it is usually/etc/init. d/vsftpd start (if the service cannot be opened under windows, you may need to set fire prevention qiang. for example, disable/etc/init. d/iptables stop) nmap 127.0.0.1 check whether port 21 of your machine is enabled.
　
Check the IP address of the Virtual Machine with/sbin/ifconfig. If it is 192.168.1.2 and then open the browser of the real machine, enter the address ftp: // 192.168.1.2 above, which is logged on anonymously, if the FTP configuration file is not modified, you can only read some content, but not put something on the server. Changing the configuration file requires a little higher for new users, but it is also very simple. If you are interested in baidu, you can find a lot of configuration file information. But here we do not modify it. We use users in linux to log on.
　
For example, there is a common user test in linux. We log on to the real server with the user name, And the password is the user's password. After the login is successful, we can copy and paste the things in windows.
　
Return to linux and you can see what you just put under/home/test.
　
On the contrary, you can download an FTP service software under windows, and use windows as the server, and linux as the client.
　
B: samba. Make sure that your system has this item installed. If you don't have it, you can do it again. This is used to share files with windows. Generally, the default configuration file can be used. You only need to set a password for the user. smbpasswd-a test is to add the System user to the smb User, set a password. Start your smb server/etc/init. d/smb start and run the IP address of the \ linux Server under windows to view the content under/home/test.
　
　 Ii. Dual-System File Sharing
　
One hard disk is installed with xp and linux systems. Mount the disk with mount. in linux, use/sbin/fdisk-l to view the partition status of the hard disk. The format is fat, and ntfs is a disk in Windows, for example, if the partition/dev/hda5 is fat32, you can use root to create a folder under a directory, for example, mkdir newmount/dev/hda5/mnt/new under/mnt.
　
Then go to/mnt/new. You can see what is in your windows drive. This can be your d disk.
　
Click here. If you want to mount a windows disk when the linux system is started, you can find information about mount and/etc/fstab.
　
　　 3. How to connect to and operate on other linux instances in windows
　
A: Download a putty tool on the Character interface. first, make sure that your linux machine has certain services enabled, such as ssh and telnet (now Publishers do not seem to have added this service). Open the ssh service in linux, /etc/init. d/sshd start
　
Ssh 127.0.0.1 check whether port 22 is enabled. Sometimes you need to turn off the fire prevention qiang.
　
When the service is enabled, you can use putty to connect to the linux Server under windows, enter the IP address of the linux server, and then select protocol as ssh.
　
And then return, and then log on with a common user. To log on as a root user, modify/etc/ssh/sshd_config.
　
PermitRootLogin yes makes this sentence effective. It is not recommended to do this ~~
　
B: graphic interface. vncserver is installed under linux. You need to set a password for it during the first running.
　
Note: after running, the following prompt is displayed: 1 or: 2. Then, use vncviewer in windows to connect to the terminal. Enter ip Address: 1 and press Enter, generally, the Remote Desktop can be connected using the twm manager. You can modify the Remote Desktop in the user's home directory in linux. vnc/xstartup: replace twm with the Desktop Management you want, for example, startkde.
　
The attachment uploaded below contains these two items.
　
　　 4. connect to and operate windows under linux
　
A: On the Character interface, telnet, enable this service in the windows service. Right-click my computer -- manage -- service and application -- service, find telnet, and enable it. Then, connect to the telnet windowsip address in linux.
　
B: graphic interface. Download rdesktop in linux. This tool is installed. Then enable windows Remote Desktop Service
　
My computer -- properties -- remote selection allows the user to remotely connect to the computer and enter rdesktop-a 16 windowsip press enter on the linux terminal to view the windows logon interface in the new window.