This article simply describes what you just started learning about Linux, so that I could review what I learned before
Linux Start-up process
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Set the IP for Linux:
Use VI to open "/etc/sysconfig/netowrk-scripts/ifcfg-eth0", enter "I" to enable the editing mode;
Change "Onboot=no" to "Onboot=yes", which indicates whether the network adapter is activated;
Change "Bootproto=none" to "Bootproto=none", will automatically get the IP address closed, work is used to obtain the IP address manually;
Add the "ipaadr=192.168.0.212" here to add the IP address, the specific address in their own local network, depending on
"netmask=255.255.255.0"
"gareway=192.168.0.1"
"Dns1=" 8.8.8.8 "
"Dns2=" 114.114.114.114 "
Press ESC, enter ": Wq", Save and exit;
Enter "Service network restart" to restart the network card;
User mode:
0 Turn off the machine
1 Single-User mode
2 Multi-user mode, no NFS
3 Multi-user mode (this is typically used in this mode)
4 Graphics Mode
5 Spare
6 restart
Enter init [number] to toggle the corresponding mode;
To forget the root password, use single-user mode to modify:
Power on 3 seconds to press any key, select the second item Press "E" to enable edit entry, at the end with "1" or "s" or "s", enter OK, return to the interface select the second item Press "B" to enter the single user mode, use "passwd" to modify the root password
Common uses of CDs
CD: The user's home directory can be returned in that directory.
CD/directory: Go to a directory.
Cd. : Current directory.
Cd.. : Top level directory.
CD-: Go back to the last Open directory.
CD ~/: Here the "~" represents the user's home directory.
PWD: Prints the current directory.
Common uses of LS
LS: Displays the files and directories of the current directory (excluding hidden files and directories).
Ls-l: Displays the details of the files and directories in the current directory.
Ls-a: Displays files and directories (including hidden files and directories) in the current directory.
Ls-d: Displays the directory under the current directory.
Ls-i: Displays the inode number of the file and directory under the current directory.
CP Copy Command
CP [options] source files and directory destination files and directories
-R can copy directories and subdirectories
MV Move Command
MV [options] source files and directory destination files and directories move and rename
If the target file already exists, the target file will be overwritten, and if the target directory already exists, the directory will be placed under this directory.
View Documents
Cat Read File
-A
TAC view files from bottom to top
More view the file "space" "one screen page"; "Enter" the page of a row;
Less view file; Pgug Pgdown
J--ctrl+b Up
G The last row of the first line G
Head View Top 10 lines
-n Specifies the first few rows
Tail view after 10 lines
-n Specifies the following lines
-F Dynamic View
About file properties
crw-rw-rw-1 root root 1, 5 October 20:58 Zero
First place:
D Represents a directory
s process pass socket
-Representative documents
C represents the character
b -block devices, such as/DEV/SDA, are such files.
L represents the Software link record file path
P Pipeline file links between files
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9 bits behind the file represent file permissions (rw-rw-rw-)
basic usage of chmod
R Read W write x executable
r=4 w=2 x=1
chmod 644 1.txt
-rw-r--r--1 root root 0 October 15:07 1.txt
u=user g=group o =other a=all
chmod u-w 1.txt
chmod U=RW 1.txt
chmod-r [Name] permissions to modify directories and subdirectories and sub-files
The use of Chown
chown [group name] [file and directory name]
Chown [belongs to the Lord]. [Genus Group] [Files and directories]
chown-r modifying directories and subdirectories and files
The use of chattr
A---Non-modifiable files, can only append, cannot be deleted
I---Non-modifiable files, non-append files, non-deleted files, no duplicate names
Chattr +i 1.txt
+-=: increase, decrease, set, respectively
lsattr view File Hidden properties
Lsattr-r viewing files in directories and directories
lsattr-d View current Directory
Set_uid
chmod U+s 4
Temporary root privileges, only for executable binaries
Set_uid
chmod g+s 2
Add s permission to the directory, the file created in this directory belongs to the group root is not the current user
Sticky_bit
chmod o+t 1
You cannot delete subdirectories and files in this directory by adding T permission to the directory
View Files
which
only executable files within the environment variable directory
Whereis
You can only view the search in a partial directory, search for a file containing
Locate
You must update the search library every day, manually generate Datedb cannot search the TMP directory, as long as it is included .
Find
find [path] [type] [filename]
available wildcard pipes, etc.
find/tmp/-name "Yum.log"
Find/tmp/type F
find/tmp/-mtime
find/tmp/inum 141418 Search by inode number
- o indicates or
-maxdepth represents the largest extended directory
-perm XXX Indicates how many permissions the file and directory
Common shortcut keys for Linux
CTRL + L Clear Screen
Clear Clear Screen
Exit--logout Ctrl +d exit
CTRL + A cursor moves to the front
CTRL + E cursor moves to the last
CTRL + U clear the command in front of the cursor
CTRL + K clear the command behind the cursor
CTRL + C interrupt command interrupt program
CTRL + Z pauses current task FG recovery program
CTRL + S pause screen (no action is displayed)
CTRL + Q Recovery Screen
First knowledge of Linux