Five steps of writing

The common writing steps for non-fiction and emotional direct litigation texts can be:

1. Build a framework

The unit of chapter is accurate to the finest level directory. Write two or three sentences in each directory to describe the main content and core points of the Section, and ensure the overall thinking of the chapter is smooth.

2. Fill in text

Cut the text that you normally accumulate to the section that conforms to the topic and fill in the missing content. Write out all the words you want to talk about without considering the text details, ensure the speed, and use the scattered time.

3. Straighten out the logic

Read articles in sequence, focusing on smooth logic between paragraphs and sentences. It mainly adjusts the positions of paragraphs and sentences, adds a transitional sentence, and deletes nonsense.

4. Adjust the style

Focus on language consistency, and add examples and dialogs. Add or delete icons to simplify content and add special content.

5. Post-Production

The conclusion of the four rounds is the first draft, which will be reviewed by colleagues, students, colleagues in the relevant industry, and seniors before overall modification.

Http://jianshu.io/p/05029c106ca6

　　Zhou baosong Source: Southern Weekend

Zhou baosong, associate professor at the Department of politics and administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has written the equality politics of free people, the dialogue of political philosophy, and so on.

(Southern Weekend Data Map/chart)

Since childhood, I like reading, but no one has ever taught me how to read it, so I have taken many detours. Later, I took the road to philosophical research, and sighed at the ancient and modern classics, "I have a life, but I have no knowledge." In particular, I hope someone will teach me a little way to study, but there is always a rare opportunity to read such articles. My experience tells me that it is not difficult to know what the classics of a certain discipline are. What is hard is how to enter these classics and learn to think about problems and understand the world from the perspective of classical input. However, I have no shortcuts or tips for this. The following is only a bit of personal experience.

First, read with sincerity. Every Classic is a world, and every reading is an encounter between us and the world. If you want to enter the world and enjoy the beautiful scenery, we must be prepared. For example, you must be humble and be grateful to the author. A book can still be read by people after countless days, so it must have some important wisdom and insights, which deserves our attention. Intellectual rashness and arrogance often lead us to get rid of many good books. It is not easy to read a great work. The more you read it, the more you read it.

Second, we 'd better start reading an academic book with the following questions: What problems does the author want to solve? Why is this question important? What is the preset way to view people and the world? What answers does the author give to his questions? Can he convince us of the reasons for his support? If not, do we have a better way out? Answering these questions step by step will help us better understand a book.

Third, slow reading should be carefully read, and speed reading should not be crude. Most of the works of humanities and social sciences, especially political and philosophical works, involve abstract concepts, rigorous logic, and interlocking arguments. Therefore, you must get used to Chewing slowly. Read it again. If you don't understand it, read it again. Read again. It is common for an article to reverse and re-read it dozens of times before it gets a little bit better. If you are greedy and greedy, you may just write down a bunch of seemingly incomprehensible terms, but you may have little ideological gains.

Fourth, no matter how great the books are in front of us, we should not read them with a kind of worship or even worship mentality, let alone consider these books as necessarily truth. At any time, do not blindly follow the authority, do not lose your own judgment and criticism. We can certainly believe in a theory or stick to a certain position, but we must have sufficient support. Treat not only classic, but also teachers. "I love my teacher and I love truth more" should be the basic attitude towards learning. In this regard, to have a true reading, we must first cultivate an independent personality and thoughts.

Fifth, if the capabilities and conditions permit, it is best to read more original foreign languages and less translations. It may be slow and difficult at the beginning, but my experience tells me that this is definitely worth it. At the same time, it is better to get used to reading the original works of classical writers, rather than reading the second-hand literature of these books only. The other is to learn group reading, not just independent reading. For example, a reading group where several people read a book and discuss and communicate with each other. My many years of experience in the reading group tell me that as long as you persist, this is the most pleasant and rewarding way of reading.

Sixth, do not force yourself to read a number of books that cannot be read at all or have no resonance at all, no matter how many people admire these books. The main purpose of reading is to enjoy it. If you want to taste the same as chewing wax and have no fun at all, you should put it down first and try again. There is no unreadable book in the world, and there is no book suitable for everyone, because each of us has its own interests, personality, and pursuit of life.

7. read books that can respond to your concerns and help you solve your problems. That is to say, we do not want to read from the west at will, but take the initiative to read relevant books in response to topics of interest. For example, if you are concerned about freedom, you can read Muller's theory of freedom or Bolin's two concepts of freedom, you can read raws' theory of justice. If you are concerned about the legitimacy of the country, you can read Locke or Rousseau. This is a problem-oriented reading method: try your best to make your care and confusion, and push you to explore and appreciate the beautiful knowledge landscape along the way.

Eighth, academic trends have emerged one after another, with fashionable terms emerging one after another. Some authors prefer to learn from each other and often make young readers feel at a loss. They even think that the more complicated and complex texts are, the more profound they are. This is definitely not the case. Good academic works should not only clarify the truth with clear and clear language, but also have deep concern for the survival of mankind. In my opinion, no matter how complicated a political theory is, can an individual with freedom and equality live well and live with dignity in a just system, it is always the most important criterion for evaluating different political theories.

9. You must not only learn to read but also to write. The so-called writing is better not to just take notes or express a few feelings, but to use your own words to sort out the main points of the book and then check whether these points are reasonable. Many times, only by writing can we know how much we have read a book.

In this instant age of fast and efficient reading, these reading experiences may seem out of date. But reading it slowly and learning it slowly. I think it's good to be a human in the middle school.

 

No matter what your current level is, these suggestions (at least 12th) will inspire you.

1. Read excellent works: this is obvious, but an immediate method. If you do not read more good works, you do not know how to write better works. Excellent Writers start by reading others' excellent works, start by imitating them, and finally surpass them to form their own styles.Read as many famous books as possible. When reading the content, pay attention to the article's problems and writing skills.

2. Try to write as much data as possible: write data every day. If possible, write data several times a day. If you write more, you can write better. Learning how to write is the same as learning. Write yourself, write a blog, and contribute to the publishing house.It's just writing. The more you practice, the faster your writing level will be.

3. write down your inspiration anytime, anywhere: Bring a notebook with you (with a small card filled with nbokov), when you have any inspiration for your novel, article, or character in the novel, write it down immediately. When you listen to other people's conversations and all have an epiphany, or you see a prose poem or a lyrics that make you very touched, you can write them down as a horse.Inspiration is always fleeting. You can record it in time to become the material for your writing.My habit is to list the articles I want to write for my blog, and constantly add them.

4. Special Writing Time: Finding a time period without any interruptions every day as a special writing time makes this a habit.For me, early morning is the best time. It can be lunch, evening, or late night. No matter what you do, write as a daily task. Write for at least half an hour every day. Of course, it is better to have an hour. If you are a full-time writer like me, you need to write for more hours. Please don't worry, it will only make you write better.

5. Graffiti: The whole White Paper and the full white screen are no way to start. You will think: I'll take a look at the email or take a nap! Sir, never do this. Start writing now and type now. It doesn't matter what you write, just let me hear your keyboard sound. Everything is easy as long as you start writing. Like me, I like to give my name and the title of the article first. It should not be difficult, and then I will show the plot slowly and integrate it into my whole body... The key is: you can write or graffiti at will, but you can start to write the text as soon as possible.

6. concentration:Writing is a single-minded task. It is impossible to write well in a noisy environment or at the same time. Writing requires a quiet environment and a little soft background music.That is to say, it is the minimum requirement. You also need to use writeroom, darkroom, and writer without disturbing the full screen (without disturbing other software. Turn off the mailbox, turn off MSN and Gtalk, turn off the phone and mobile phone, turn off the TV, and clear useless things on the desk. Clear all distractions unrelated to writing. Now is the time for writing. It seems that you put yourself in a box and enter the writing state without any interruption.

7. Plan first and then write: this seems to be a conflict with "casual graffiti". In fact, this is not the case. Before you sit down and write it, make a plan or preview it in your mind. This is a very useful method.When you are running every day, think about what you want to write or take a walk to brainstorm. Then, write down what you want and make a brief outline. When you are ready to start writing, it can be expanded quickly, because there are both ideas and ideas.Here, there is a trilogy of ideas about the novel. You can refer to this: snowflake method.

8. Innovation: You need to imitate famous people, which does not mean you have to write exactly the same as them.You can try a new way of writing, learn a little from here, and learn a little from there. Gradually, you will have your own style, style, and ideas.Try some different expressions or create some distinctive expressions. You can try each method to see how it works. If it is not good, you don't need to worry about it.

9. Modify: you begin to think about your text, and then try to write it to show the story. Finally, you need to look back and see what you have written. This is very important. Many writers don't want to modify it once they write it. It takes time and effort to write it, and it takes time to modify it. This is really a thankless job. But if you want to write better, you must learn how to modify it.A good work is made up of repeated scrutiny and modifications, which will make your work stand out from mediocrity.Look at what you write, not just spelling and syntax errors, but also meaningless words, chaotic structures, and sentences that people don't understand.The goal is to make the changes clearer, more direct, and more vivid.

10. Concise and concise: This is the most important thing in your modification process. Modify the sentence and segment to delete all irrelevant topics. A short sentence is more convincing than a long piece of nonsense, and the vernacular is more popular than obscure terminology.Remember: simplicity is power.

11. Infectious sentences:Use infectious verbs in short sentences. Of course, this is not required for every sentence. You need to change.However, try more attractive sentences. In addition, you do not have to wait until you modify it. You have to consider this issue when you first write it.

12. get feedback from others: there will be no progress in building a car behind closed doors, so that others can read your articles and give feedback to you. It is best to have experienced writers and editors. They will give you pertinent and insightful suggestions.Listen carefully, accept it even if it is some criticism, and say it against your ears. This will only allow you to write better.

13. It's a scorpion or a horse. Pull it out and slide: as far as you are concerned, you need to let others read your work. Your work is not for anyone you want to read, so that everyone can read your article. You must publish your own books, short stories and poems, and provide them to the publishing house. If you have already started to write a blog, congratulations! This is a good start. If no one has browsed it yet, you need to put it on a blog service website with a higher traffic volume, so that readers can leave a message and give you suggestions.Everyone will watch what you write. It may be a headache at the beginning, but this is the only way for every writer to grow up. Let's post your words right away.

14. Adopt a conversational style: Many people write very officially, but I found that writing as we speak will make the article smoother (no sighs of new words ). In this way, the reader looks more comfortable. At the beginning, it was not easy to write such a statement. You need to stick to it. Maybe it will lead to another problem. To read more colloquial, you need to break some grammar rules (just like my previous sentence ).This is because the syntax will make your article seem unnatural. If there are no other reasons, do not break the syntax rules. You need to know what you are doing and why.

15. Good start and end: The beginning and end are the focus of the article. Especially the beginning. If you cannot attract readers at the beginning of the story, it is difficult for them to patiently read the entire article. So spend more time thinking about how to write the beginning. Once you are interested in the beginning, they will want to know more...After the beginning is written, you can get a wonderful end, which will make readers look forward to your next masterpiece.

Original article: A Guide to becoming a better writer: 15 practical tips-zenhabits | Translation: cooldog111

The six basic principles of George Orwell's writing are:

1. Never use the metaphor, metaphor, or other rhetorical methods that are often seen in printed materials (this is definitely not a prose or poetry. Chinese has always liked to be elegant since ancient times, I do not know whether I have lost the conciseness of expression. And looks cheesy );

2. If one word can be clearly stated, do not use either of the two words (here, "clearly" is actually a "clear" one );

3. If a word can be deleted, it must be deleted (we should not comment );

4. Try not to use the passive voice as long as you can use the active voice (we should use fewer words in our mother tongue );

5. When using common words, do not use foreign words, scientific terms, or slang (it is not easy for most people to understand );

6. Never use a vulgar language. Therefore, you can break any of the above lines (do not use a dirty language to pollute your B grid ).

These six items should correspond to news bodies. What do you think?