10 changes of mutton sheep industry development in the 2017

At present, our country's sheep husbandry industry is in an important strategic transition period, that is, the Mianshan sheep variety structure from wool, cashmere sheep mainly to the meat sheep mainly, mutton production structure from adult mutton to lamb meat, feeding way from extensive management gradually to intensive, commercial. In addition, in this period of transformation, the sheep industry is quietly changing, studying these changes, understanding these changes, mastering these changes and laws, to promote the modernization of sheep farming process, to speed up the sheep industry adjustment structure, transformation and upgrading, raise the level of breeding, improve the breeding efficiency, promote the supply side structure reform role is huge. These changes are analyzed and discussed with peers to provide reference for sheep production.

1 Transformation of the culture concept

With the development of mutton sheep industry, sheep breeding gradually get rid of the status of household sideline, gradually transformed into the main industry of rural economy, become the main source of economic income of local farmers and new ways of income increase, that is, sheep farming from livelihood means to promote the direction of industrial development. With the progress of science and technology, the scale of the increase, the new results, the promotion and application of technology and new products, sheep enterprises to the management, production personnel put forward new requirements, professional, high-quality technical personnel to become the mainstream of enterprise production and management, low level of literacy, poor technical ability of personnel can not be competent to modernize the development of sheep industry Will quit the history stage of sheep farming.

2 Changes in cultured breeds

Due to historical reasons, China's northwest, northeast, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and other provinces mainly to feed sheep, and the Yangtze River South and the central plains to raise goats-based. Local varieties have strong resistance to adversity, but their breeding efficiency is low. In the past, the sheep-raising only attached importance to the adjustment in this breed, and did not attach importance to the introduction and utilization of fine varieties. With the rapid development of sheep industry, there have been great changes in the knowledge and utilization of breed. The first is to gradually strengthen the adaptability, resistance to disease, good reproductive performance of the local varieties to take protective measures, and constantly carry out selection and breeding, to ensure that germplasm resources do not lose. The second is to use the local sheep breeds as the female parent, from domestic and foreign imported in the local adaptability, good meat performance, fast growth, high feed remuneration of excellent species of RAM to the local varieties of hybrid improvement, the use of hybrid advantage of production of commodity sheep, using modern biotechnology to speed up the production of mutton sheep, to achieve supply-side structural reform, To achieve the transformation and upgrading of mutton sheep industry, quality and efficiency, to ensure the purpose of supply.

3 Transformation of cultured areas

Pastoral, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral area is the focus of sheep breeding in China, these areas dominated by the vast grassland, part or hillside hills, covers a large area, cold climate, poor infrastructure, winter and spring forage supply is insufficient. Especially since the prohibition of grazing, forage supply more difficult to be guaranteed. With the increase of human consumption of mutton, pastoral and semi-pastoral mutton production can not meet the market supply, in the market lever, State policy and other aspects of the regulation, sheep farming gradually to the natural conditions, forage resources rich in rural areas development. Agricultural areas have sufficient straw resources and food scraps, industrial by-products, with the development, processing, preparation and feeding methods of mutton sheep forage, to ensure the full supply of high-quality forage. At the same time, it has achieved the goal of the straw returning to the field, the organic combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, the utilization of product resources, and the comprehensive benefit of agricultural area unit area.

4 Changes in feeding patterns

There are three kinds of modes of raising sheep in our country, such as grazing, grazing + feeding and feeding. Grazing as pastoral and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral traditional model of sheep breeding, affected by the season and climate, prone to "summer full, autumn fat, winter thin, spring dead" phenomenon. At the same time, according to the protection of ecological environment and grass and animal balance requirements, the number of development has been limited, must be transferred to the rural areas. "Grazing + feeding" is the current pastoral, semi-pastoral and mountainous areas commonly used methods, the method can make full use of the local summer and autumn season natural resources of the grassland, reduce the cost of forage, in winter and spring to feed some of the feeding, to meet the nutritional needs of sheep, but there is a feed source instability, high prices of the problem, this model Therefore, grazing, "grazing + feeding" both models have been challenged, the feeding model came into being, and will be widely carried out in some areas, its greatest advantage is to make full use of agricultural areas, such as a large number of straws, improve the utilization of crops, and protect the ecological environment. However, compared with grazing, there is a problem of high cost and low benefit of farming. In the future, the standardized and large-scale feeding farming will be the main mode of industrial development, technological innovation, phased culture is the development trend of feeding mode.

5 Transformation of Culture scale

In the past, the sheep industry in our country is dominated by sporadic, small scale, and many disadvantages. One is the management of extensive, feed, forage varieties single, insufficient or not comprehensive, unbalanced, resulting in sheep physique decline, growth rate is slow, easy to cause disease; the second is that many practical science and technology are not applied, inefficient, poor breeding efficiency; third, it is difficult to form bulk goods, there are products without market, The price of selling does not have a right of speech. Therefore, the sheep breeding industry has been accelerated from sporadic backyard to large-scale promotion. In recent years, most sheep-raising enterprises are more rational than blindly, taking full account of their funds, technology, management level, local natural environment and resource endowment, fecal pollution harmless treatment capacity and other comprehensive factors, moderate scale intensive, large-scale sheep breeding model has made great progress. According to statistics, 2013, the national 100 of the following small-scale feeding for three consecutive years, the proportion of large-scale feeding to achieve three even increase, especially 500~1 000 and 1 000 of the proportion of large-scale aquaculture significantly increased, compared to 2010, 500~1 000 and 1 More than 000 of the large-scale proportion increased by 61.8% and 93.1% respectively. In the past 2014-2015 years, the proportion of standardized scale culture continues to rise, which is beneficial to ensure the effective supply of sheep products, food safety, disease prevention and control, and the full play of integrated technology of sheep breeding.

6 Transformation of Marketing methods

In the past, the sheep of the tens of thousands of sheep scattered farmers to the market for sale, or by brokers from the breeding land acquisition, to slaughter processing enterprises, some scale farms directly transport sheep to slaughter processing enterprises. Do not grade, price uniformity, according to the carcass heavy pay. Processing enterprises will process the finished meat hoarding, to customers to the door to a unified wholesale price sales. Now, some of the sporadic farmers are basically bought by brokers and sent to slaughter processing enterprises, and most of the sporadic farmers in the form of cooperatives and other forms, the same as the scale of farms, with the slaughter and processing enterprises to enter into contracts, in accordance with the contract amount, time and price to the slaughter processing enterprises to provide sheep source. The price of live sheep is also due to the variety of sheep, sex, moon age, feeding way and so on, and the price of mutton changes, can fully reflect the high quality and price, and because of brand awareness changes. Marketing to the Internet, and some will be cold meat directly into the supermarket and the community, reduce sales links, reduce marketing costs.

7 Transformation of Nutrient supply

In the age of herding sheep, the nutrient supply of sheep is mainly natural forage, and the source and nutrient level are greatly influenced by region, climate and season, which is disadvantageous to the growth, development and reproduction of sheep. In the grazing + feeding and whole-feeding stage, the nutrient supply of sheep is changed from free food intake in grassland to man-made regulation and nutrition, that is, human beings can supply feed according to the nutritional needs of sheep, and ensure the nutritional needs of their growth and reproduction. With the rapid development of standardization and scale, the nutrition of sheep can be realized according to the growth stage, which can not only guarantee the nutrition need, but also not cause the waste of feed. In addition, the feed supply of sheep is also transformed from a single breed of feed to a full-price mixed feed. In the feed preparation method, from the artificial production to the mechanical equipment production feed transformation, the use of TMR mixer, forage, feed in accordance with the needs of scientific collocation, uniform feeding.

8 Changes in disease control

In the traditional sheep's consciousness, sheep does not have the disease, even if individual sheep's disease also according to the traditional method carries on the diagnosis and treatment, rarely has the major infectious disease, sheep's disease prevention and Control did not cause enough attention. With the raising of sheep into the grazing + feeding or whole-house feeding era, the increase in the density of breeding, sheep incidence increased, sheep farmers began to pay attention to the disease prevention and control of sheep, from the treatment of sheep disease to prevention + treatment change, that is, according to the local epidemic situation to develop immunization procedures to vaccinate, increase sheep immunity, reduce disease occurrence, then timely symptomatic treatment. With the increase of the size of sheep and the importance of human meat food safety, the disease prevention and control to health + prevention change, in addition to vaccination, pay more attention to environmental control, nutrient mix and implementation of health measures to ensure the health of sheep.

9 Change in security awareness

In the past, because sheep breeding enterprises on mutton food safety awareness is poor, some farms in pursuit of profits, excessive or illegal use of minerals, antibiotics, such as hormones, resulting in products, hormones, antibiotics, heavy metal harmful substances residue exceeded, seriously endanger human health, become an important obstacle to consumption. With the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the safety and health of mutton sheep products have become the focus of social concern. Therefore, the promotion of healthy breeding of mutton sheep is another important change facing sheep industry. National implementation of food safety tracing mechanism, forcing sheep enterprises according to the provisions of the livestock law, the establishment of breeding records, detailed records of the origin of sheep and the date of entry and exit, feed, feed additives, veterinary drugs and other input sources, use and quarantine, immunization, disinfection, disease, harmless treatment and so on, clear the origin and whereabouts of the flock, Control the use of inputs to ensure that the listed products safe and reliable.

10 Transformation of product processing

Mutton sheep products are mainly lamb, in the past, mutton more in the form of carcass or roll meat into the market, with the rising standard of living, products are difficult to meet the needs of different levels of urban residents. Forcing most old-fashioned meat processing enterprises to upgrade, the new horse to carry out high standards of construction, suitable for the production of high-quality high-grade mutton and products in line with international standards, the gradual realization of simple slaughter processing to fine processing changes, products more diversified. One is the variety classification, appeared lamb meat, into mutton, hind leg meat, lamb row, sheep scorpion, sheep rod bone, keel, ring bone and other products; the second is the weight grading, to 1 kg, 2 kg, 2.5 kg, 5 kg, in order to meet the needs of different groups in the number of products; Four is attached product development, the sheep attached products fine processing, much favored by consumers, and expensive. Five is the brand effect, most of the processing enterprises began to establish their own brand, registered trademarks, enhance value, to achieve maximum profit.

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10 changes of mutton sheep industry development in the 2017