5-linux Foundation-3

Source: Internet
Author: User

Linux Basics-3

Last Class Review

Useradd username-u uid-g gid-c comment-d homedir-s Shell
Usermod username-u uid-g gid-c comment-d home
dir-s Shell
Usermod:

-a 追加-g<群组>:修改用户所属的群组;-G<群组>;修改用户所属的附加群组

File properties

- 普通文件d 目录文件l 连接文件b 块设备p 管道文件s socket文件

Permissions on the directory:

r:可以查看目录下内容w:可以创建文件和删除文件和修改文件名x:可cd进文件夹
Body processing command and tar command file merging:
cat a1.txt a2.txt>>a.txttouch {a..c}{1..3}.txt
Tar
-A或--catenate:新增文件到以存在的备份文件;  -B:设置区块大小;   -c或--create:建立新的备份文件;  -C <目录>:这个选项用在解压缩,若要在特定目录解压缩,可以使用这个选项。  -d:记录文件的差别;  -x或--extract或--get:从备份文件中还原文件;  -t或--list:列出备份文件的内容;  -z或--gzip或--ungzip:通过gzip指令处理备份文件;   -Z或--compress或--uncompress:通过compress指令处理备份文件;   -f<备份文件>或--file=<备份文件>:指定备份文件;  -v或--verbose:显示指令执行过程;  -r:添加文件到已经压缩的文件;  -u:添加改变了和现有的文件到已经存在的压缩文件;  -j:支持bzip2解压文件;   -v:显示操作过程;  -l:文件系统边界设置;  -k:保留原有文件不覆盖;  -m:保留文件不被覆盖;  -w:确认压缩文件的正确性;  -p或--same-permissions:用原来的文件权限还原文件;  -P或--absolute-names:文件名使用绝对名称,不移除文件名称前的“/”号;   -N <日期格式> 或 --newer=<日期时间>:只将较指定日期更新的文件保存到备份文件里;   --exclude=<范本样式>:排除符合范本样式的文件。
-c -v -tf -x -f -C tar vcf all.tar *       //归档不压缩,z是压缩,xz文件压缩率更高gzip all.tar     //生成 all.tar.gzgunzip all.tar.gz       //解压缩先归档再压缩:tar vxzf all.tar.gz * 解压缩 tar vxf all.tar.gz  //不需要z,万能格式解压缩
bzip2bzip2 test.tar  //生成 test.tar.bz2bunzip2 test.tar.bz2   //解压缩
VI
命令行模式: :编辑模式:  a i o 扩展模式: shift+:

Command-line mode:

G/shift+g :跳到文件末尾gg: 跳到文件开头$:行尾^:行首0:行首yy:复制当前行p:粘贴nyy:复制当前行下的n行到寄存器yy:复制当前行 10p:粘贴当前行下的10行dd:删除当前行,其实是剪切到寄存器u:撤销ctrl+r:恢复num+G:跳到第n行L:当前屏幕最后一列/ :查找 n往下跳

Extended mode:

:wq:q:wq!:q!:sed -i :s/需要修改还的内容/替换的内容/   修改当前行当前行:%s/需要修改还的内容/替换的内容/   修改全文,每行只修改第一个:%s/需要修改还的内容/替换的内容/g   修改全文(%)所有内容(g)
Initialization and service of the system
单用户模式:root身份 开机按 e,linux16 后面加上init /bin/sh +ctrl+s    翻车了http://blog.csdn.net/myth_hg/article/details/44727647mount -o remount,rw /

Single-user mode cracked root password:

Rescue mode hack root password

Rescue mode hack root password

5-linux Base-3

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