Application of LAN transmission architecture in enterprise

Reduce communication equipment and refrigeration equipment power to achieve energy saving of communication room, is the focus of energy saving and emission reduction in communication industry, and through reasonable room layout and cable management to save energy consumption is often neglected, this issue of our computer room Energy Saving work interview ADC engineer Mr. Shi Jieming, See how experts can achieve energy saving and emission reduction from the point of view of computer room layout and cable management.




The function of
room layout and cable management




The concept of
Green room should include two parts, energy saving and environmental protection, in which energy saving is not only to save electricity, but also to include economy. The savings are manifold, including energy saving, refrigeration equipment consumption and equipment backup and redundancy, which should also include room space savings and all resource savings.


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if from the active equipment speaking, reduces the power consumption is the key, the second is the air conditioning refrigeration, this is two main points. And the computer room is involved in all aspects of the work, ADC companies are specializing in the production of computer room wiring products, focusing more emphasis on the computer room layout and cable management.





in terms of layout, there are three points in the computer room worth noting. The 1th is the space economy, the 2nd is the effective management of the cable, the channel to improve the air convection, and the third is to improve the reliability of the equipment operation. The correlation between reliability and energy efficiency is that, due to increased reliability, all the associated costs will be reduced, and the maintenance and management cost reduction indirectly play a role in energy conservation. At the same time, good layout and structure can also improve the safety of the room and save instrument input and other benefits, but also must consider the technology forward-looking, to ensure that the basic network can meet the future needs. Wallpaper





reasonable layout to save space





reasonable and effective cable layout and reasonable network structure play an important role in saving electric energy and reducing energy consumption.





now there are two main construction situation in the computer room, one is the centralized wiring type, the other is a two-level cable management, mainly refers to network switches.





Center Wiring This way of the switch is the use of the IDG machine room that set of standards, the first level of the switch directly to the server, through the cable directly to the user server.





The use of a class two switch is mainly to save pressure on the cable cloth, from the main switch to the head cabinet of each cabinet, and a two-layer switch in the head cabinet, and the main switch and the two-layer switch are connected with the cable. The column Head cabinet switch is connected to each server through a network cable. It has the advantage of saving the number of cables from the primary switch to the user server.





ADC advocates a centralized, one-time wiring approach. From the core switch directly through the network cable cloth to the user server. Increase the number of cables on the surface, but in energy conservation and environmental protection is more prominent. This way can save 7%~9% machine room rack position, for a room for 1000 normal cabinet can save 90 cabinet bit.





at the same time, the two-tier wiring approach will increase the two-tier switch, thereby increasing energy consumption. If you increase the backup, it will increase the amount of backup, which will lead to increased energy consumption and port waste. At present, each additional 1W equipment power consumption, power consumption will increase by 2.8W, which includes refrigeration and equipment power. Centralized wiring can reduce the number of redundant devices, the port is not wasted.





also consider the wiring location. Wiring in the entire network of the center of the computer room, can reduce the length of two cable lines. This is the plane layout method of consideration, this consideration will certainly save a lot of space. Now the room space of one square meters domestic cost about 140,000 yuan, if can save space, will also achieve energy-saving goals, because saving is a performance of energy saving.


Ethernet Ethernet Network: This is a local area network of online technology, but also the most widely used network protocol, it can through twisted-pair, optical fiber and other media to transmit digital data.





LAN (Local area Network,lan, hereinafter referred to as the District network) refers to the small computer network in a certain area, such as in the Office, school classrooms and other environments. At present, most of the local area network architecture is in line with the IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet network.




The term
"ether (ether) is a theory put forward by ancient Greek philosophers, representing an imaginary medium for transmitting electromagnetic waves, just as sound transmission requires air as a medium. However, this medium has been proved by scientists such as Einstein does not exist, and the aforementioned Ethernet network, still in this name, mainly because it uses the "transfer of electronic (electromagnetic) signal" concept.





A local area network with an Ethernet network architecture that sends messages to all the hosts in all networks when the computer passes data, so each receives the message, which is broadcast. Compared with the wide area network such as the Internet, the bandwidth and security of Ethernet can be high, but they belong to different network sections. Like the local area network used in the enterprise, the computer mostly uses the private IP, this kind of address can let the computer within the local domain network identify with each other, but cannot use on the Internet. If we want these hosts to connect to the network, in addition to the ISP to purchase the Internet service, but also through the gateway to connect the LAN and the Internet, and the use of NAT transfer, the private address to the ISP provider's address, to connect to the Internet.





on the contrary, if we want to connect to the company's local network through the Internet, we can use a variety of internal IT resources by VPN, as the name implies, virtual private networks, from remote login to the intranet.





Enterprise Internal network and Internet connection mode





the IP address used in the General enterprise intranet is private, when someone wants to connect to the Internet, it is converted from NAT to an external legal IP address; when there is an external computer to connect to the corporate area network, it can be transferred from the wide area network through the VPN and logged into the Enterprise host.





LAN


Communications Protocol Communication Protocol





the computer transmits data through the network, it is necessary to observe certain standard rules and regulations to allow each other to receive data, and this set of regulations, is the communication protocol, also known as Internet Transport Protocol.





Communication protocol specification is widely oriented, including data transmission methods and information security norms. From the OSI model, the electronic signals from the solid layer, the cable specifications, and the common Web protocol HTTP in the application layer are all required to standardize to make the network operate smoothly.





Broadcast broadcast





This is a way in which the computer transmits data within the network. When there is a computer in the same network to transfer data to B computer, it will be to all the host in the network, send the data to be transmitted, and note to give B computer, then all the hosts on the network will receive this data, and analyze whether they are recipients, do not meet the conditions, will automatically discard the data, Others will leave the data behind. This way of data transmission, if many people send messages, and the number is greater than the network load, the local network may be paralyzed, that is, the so-called broadcast storm.





Packet Sealed Bag




The data that is used for transmission on the
network will record the data of the source and destination host, as well as the content of the data to be transmitted. The method of packet delivery corresponds to the OSI model, which belongs to the third layer--the network layer specification. It's conceptually like we're mailing a document to someone with an envelope, and there's data from the data source and destination computer, and what we're going to send. For the recipient (the destination computer), it wants the file data in it, and for the postman (router and other network devices), it needs source and destination data to be delivered correctly.





Bandwidth Bandwidth





refers to the speed of the network, which is how much data the index transmits on the network. We can compare bandwidth to road size, and the larger the scale, the more traffic flow (network data) can be carried at the same time.





usually bandwidth is measured in bps, which is the number of bits per second, which is different from the storage unit byte (byte) used by our computer. Because 1 byte equals 8 bits, the ISP offers 2M (2000K) download bandwidth, converted to byte, approximately 250KB per second.





MAC address,media Access control address


Physical Address





This address is composed of 12 of 16 digits, when the network card and other devices in the transmission of data, you can use this unique address to judge network equipment. This is similar to the IP address and is used to determine the source and destination of the network transmission, but the IP address is the network layer corresponding to the OSI, and MAC addresses are in the data link layer.





MAC address is a network device in the manufacturing, the manufacturer directly recorded in the hardware, which contains the manufacturer and the serial number of the device, this group of numbers can not be changed.





Gateway Gateways





when there are different networks that need to be connected, they need a gateway as an intermediary to transmit data to each other. Because of different types of networks, the communication protocols used vary widely, and some networks even use completely different transmission media, such as wired networks and wireless networks.





and we usually use the local area network in the enterprise, to connect the Internet, will also pass through the gateway. As we do in Windows XP, the default gateway in the network connection setting refers to the IP address of the gateway.





qos,quality of service quality





This is a network Transmission control mechanism, for different data transmission, give the corresponding priority. When the flow is too large, first pass the more important data, in order to guarantee the quality, especially some need highly stable network transmission.





because the main design mode of network technology, is the best transmission speed, so each host will be the highest efficiency transmission packet, when the amount of data is greater than the load, it will produce data loss, delay or content errors, in order to solve this problem, will give birth to the development of QoS.





Nat,network addressing translation network address translation





NAT is an IP address translation technology, when the packet through a specific network device, the device will be in accordance with the receiving data, rewrite the packet IP address, so that the data can be passed to the target network. Because the number of IP today is less and fewer, many enterprises have not enough, so the use of NAT to convert IP addresses so that multiple hosts can share an IP address in order to connect to the external Internet.





uses NAT In addition to allow multiple hosts to share IP, but also to effectively separate the internal and external network, improve network security.





vpn,virtual private network virtual private network





A method of connecting a private network in a wide-area network. When we want to access the company's private network through the Internet, we need some encryption technology to ensure that the data can be safely and reliably delivered in an "insecure" public network.





is not only a personal business trip from outside to the company network, there are many corporate headquarters to connect all branches, or have a cooperative relationship between the organization, each other need to transfer private information, but can not build the exclusive network online, can be achieved through the VPN data transmission.