Cisco Device Management

One, Cisco Device Model Overview

1. Introduction of Network Producers

Domestic producers are:

Huawei, ZTE, Ruijie, H3C, Green Alliance technology, Tian Rong letter, qiming stars, deeply convinced, network Kang Technology, Lenovo Network ...

Foreign producers are:

Cisco,juniper, Hewlett-Packard, 3com,f5 .....

Logo of industry pillar producers:

Huawei:

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Zte:

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Green Alliance Technology:

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Rui Jie:

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Deep conviction:

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Net Kang:

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Hua San (H3C):

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Venus Chen:

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Cisco:

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Juniper:

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F5:

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2.CISCO Router Model description

Low-grade: C2600 series, C2800 series

Mid-range: C3600 series, C3800 series, C3900 series

Upscale: C7200 series, C7600 series

3.CISCO Switch Model Description

Low: C2900 Series

Mid-range: C3500 series, C3700 series

Upscale: C6500 series, C7600 series

Second, the device hardware architecture

1. Router Hardware architecture

① Computing system: Super engine---->CPU

② power supply System: Single/Dual power supply

③ Interface System: Common I/O interfaces

④ Storage System-------Focus

Composition

FLASH: Storage Operating system

RAM: Memory

ROM: Failure Recovery

NVRAM: Placement profile + configuration register

Introduced:

(1) ROM (read-only memory):

Features: Boot system, password recovery, system upgrade or recovery

Composition

Bootstrap Program: Boot loader for booting the operating system

Rommon Program: For password recovery and system upgrade

Post program: For power-on self-test

(2) NVRAM----non-volatile RAM

Features: Placement profile + configuration register

Features of the configuration register: used to affect the boot process of the router

0X2102: Loading the operating system and loading the configuration file normally

0x2142: Loading the operating system normally without loading the configuration file

2. Switch hardware architecture

① Computing system: Super engine---->CPU

② power supply System: Single/Dual power supply

③ Interface System: Common I/O interfaces

④ Storage System-------Focus

FLASH: Storage Operating system ios+ configuration file

RAM: Memory

ROM: Failure Recovery

Difference: The switch does not have NVRAM, while the router has.

The difference between a ROM in a switch and a router is:

Switches are switch programs.

3. Device Start-up process

3.1 Routers

1st. Power-On self-Test (POST)

2nd. Load and run bootstrap boot Micro code from ROM

3rd. Viewing the configuration register value in NVRAM

4th. Looking for an iOS image file (FLASH)

5th. Loading the iOS image file (RAM)

6th. Looking for configuration files (NVRAM)

7th. Load configuration file (RAM)

8th. Normal operation

3.2 Switches

1st. Power-On self-Test (POST)

2nd. Load and Run bootstrap

3rd. Looking for an iOS image file

4th. Loading the iOS image file

5th. Looking for configuration files

6th. Load configuration file

7th. Normal operation

Third, iOS operations

1. Operating mode

① User mode

In user mode, only the basic view function of the system can be

② Privileged Mode

In privileged mode, similar to the administrator, the system can be basically managed

③ configuration mode

In configuration mode, like a super administrator, you can perform all command operations on the system.

Introduction to the shortcut keys under GNS3:

tab to complete commands

CTRL + A cursor move forward

Ctrl+e Cursor Move back

CTRL+Z/C exit

Ctrl+shift+6: Execution of a forced interrupt command

2. Operation commands in different modes

User mode:

Ping//Test connectivity

Traceroute//Link Tracking

Show ARP//view ARP table entry Arp-a

Show clock//view system time

Show Version//view system release information, software and hardware information

Privileged mode:

Show Flash://view hard disk size

Show Running-config//View Run configuration (memory)

Show Startup-config//View initial configuration (NVRAM)

Copy run start//Save Configuration

Write//Save Configuration

Show IP interface brief//view interface three layer address information ipconfig

Show interface f0/0//view interface details (including two layers of information) Ipconfig/all

Configuration mode:

hostname R1//define host name

No IP domain-lookup//Turn off domain name resolution

Line console 0//Enter Consolo port mode

Exec-timeout 0 0//Off Daze timeout

Logging synchronous//Log output synchronization

3. Manage Passwords

User password:

Method One:

R1 (config) #line console 0//Enter Consolo Port

R1 (config-line) # password 12345//define Password

R1 (Config-line) #login//call at Login

R1 (config) #line vty 0 15//Enter virtual Terminal Port 0 to 15 port

R1 (config-line) #password 12345//define Password

R1 (config-line) #login //call at login

Method Two:

R1 (config) #username 123 password 123456//define local user name database

R1 (config) #username abcd password 56789

R1 (config) #line console 0

R1 (config-line) #login Local//Call database

R1 (config) #line vty 0 15

R1 (config-line) #login Local

Method Three:

R1 (config) #username 123 secret 123456//define local user name database

R1 (config) #username ABCD secret 56789

R1 (config) #line console 0

R1 (config-line) #login Local//Call database

R1 (config) #line vty 0 15

R1 (config-line) #login Local

Privileged Password:

R1 (config) #enable password 12345

R1 (config) #enable secret 45678

Global Cryptographic Service: R1 (config) #service password-encryption

(0 unencrypted 7 is parity encryption 5 MD5 encryption)

3. Password Cracking---Using PT to simulate the real environment

3.1 router password hack

① Normal mode, and press and hold ctrl+break into Rommon mode

②rommon Mode modified Register value is 0x2142

Rommon 1 > Confreg 0x2142

Restart in ③rommon mode

Rommon 1 > Reset

④ load the configuration file into memory and password management in normal mode

R3#copy Startup-config Running-config

R3 (config) #no username hgq

R3 (config) #line console 0

R3 (config-line) #no login Local

R3 (config-line) #line vty 0 4

R3 (config-line) #no login Local

R3#write

⑤ Modify the Register value to 0x2102 in configuration mode

R3 (config) #config-register 0x2102

⑥ Restart in normal mode

R3#reload

3.2 switch password hack

Need to use the real environment

① into switch mode

Restart Press and hold the Mode key (switch)

②switch: Initializing the Flash file system in a mode

Flash_init

③switch: Modify the name of the configuration file in mode (Config.text)

Dir Flash:

Rename Flash:config.text Flash:config.bak

Dir Flash:

④switch: Restart in the mode

Boot

⑤ Modify the profile name in normal mode

Rename Flash:config.bak Flash:config.text

⑥ load configuration file in normal mode

Copy Flash:config.text Run

⑦ Normal mode will remove the password

R2 (config) #no username 123

R2 (config) #no enable password

R2 (config) #no enable secret

R2 (config) #line console 0

R2 (config-line) #no login Local

⑧ Save and restart in normal mode

Reload

⑨ Password Recovery succeeded

This article is from the "9305074" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://9315074.blog.51cto.com/9305074/1675859

Cisco Device Management