Computer fundamentals, CPU and memory

Central processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU includes operational logic components, register parts, and control components.

logic Parts (operators)

English logiccomponents; the arithmetic logic part. You can perform fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operations, shift operations, and logical operations, as well as perform address operations and transformations.

Register Device

Register parts, including registers, special registers, and control registers. General-purpose registers can also be divided into fixed-point and floating-point numbers, which are used to hold the number of registers and intermediate (or final) operations that are temporarily stored during instruction execution. The Universal register is one of the important parts of the CPU.

Control Parts

The control component is primarily responsible for decoding the instruction and issuing a control signal for each operation to be performed in order to complete each instruction.

There are two kinds of structure: one is the micro-control method with micro-storage as the core, and the other is the logic-based hard-wiring structure.

Microcode is maintained in micro-storage, each microcode corresponds to one of the most basic micro-operations, also known as micro-instructions, each instruction is a different sequence of microcode composition, this microcode sequence constitutes a micro-program. After decoding the instruction, the central processing unit emits a certain sequence of control signals, and performs a number of micro-operations determined by these microcode in the order of the given sequence in a micro-cycle, and the execution of an instruction can be completed.

Simple instruction consists of a micro-operation, the complex instruction is composed of dozens of micro-operation or even hundreds of micro-operation.

PS: Reference Baidu Library, CPU

Memory

Memoryis one of the important parts of the computer, it is a bridge to communicate with the CPU. All programs in the computer are running inMemory, so the memory performance has a very large impact on the computer. Memory(Memory) is also known asInternal memory, which is used to temporarily store operational data in the CPU, andHard diskwaitExternal memorythe data exchanged. As long as the computer is running, the CPU will transfer the data needed for operation toMemory, when the operation is completed, the CPU transmits the result, and the running of the memory determines the stable operation of the computer. Memory is made up ofMemory chip, circuit boards,Golden Fingerand other parts of the group.

PS: Reference Baidu Library: Memory

North Bridge (computer motherboard North Bridge chip)

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North Bridge Chip data processing is very large, heat is more and more large, so the North Bridge chip is covered with a heatsink used to strengthen the North bridge chip cooling, some motherboard of the North Bridge chip will also cooperate with the fan for cooling. Because the main function of the North Bridge chip is to control the memory, and the memory standard and the processor changes more frequently, so different chipset in the North Bridge chip is certainly different, of course, this is not to say that the use of memory technology is not exactly the same, but different chipset North bridge chip between the two must be in some places there is a difference

PS: Reference Baidu Library, North Bridge

Nan Qiao

The South Bridge chip is the motherboardChipsetis typically located on the motherboard that is far from the CPU socket,PCI Slotsin the vicinity of this layout is taken into account by its connectedI/O busmore, away fromProcessora little farther facilitates cabling. Relative toNorth Bridge Chipspeaking, itsData processingthe volume is not large, so the South bridge chip generally does not cover the heatsink. The South Bridge chip does notSecretariatManagement Devicedirectly connected, but in a certain way to connect with the North Bridge chip .

PS: Reference Baidu Library, South Bridge

I/O(computer interface)

I/O is an abbreviation for input/output, i.e. input and outputPort. Each device will have a dedicated I/O address to handle its own input and output information. CPU andExternal devices,Memoryconnection and data exchange need to be implemented through an interface device called I/OInterface, while the latter is called a memory interface. Memoryusually in the CPU synchronous control work, the interface circuit is relatively simple, and I/O device variety, and its corresponding interface circuit is also different, so, it is customary to say that the interface is just I/OInterface.

PS: Reference Baidu Library, I/O

Computer fundamentals, CPU and memory