Computer hardware knowledge motherboard common failures and maintenance knowledge

Computer now has become a daily necessities of life, then how much do you know about computers? The following small series for you to organize some common computer hardware knowledge, quickly to learn!

Computer hardware, including all the physical parts of a computer, to differentiate between the data it contains or executes and the software that provides instructions for the hardware to complete the task. Computer hardware mainly includes: chassis, motherboard, bus, power, hard disk, storage controller, interface card, portable storage device, built-in memory, input equipment, output equipment, CPU fan, buzzer and so on.

Common failures and maintenance of motherboards

Motherboard is the structure of the computer board, the computer's many failures are the first to be related to its analysis, as long as the structure of the master motherboard and then follow the introduction of the following method, you can easily and smoothly troubleshoot computer problems.

　　1. Memory short-circuit fault on motherboard

A computer using a very normal, in order to upgrade, and then added a 32M memory (originally only 32M), but the memory plugged in after no longer normal. The phenomenon of the win 98 system can not start, black screen startup, monitor power LED flashing, without any display. According to the phenomenon, initially determined to install 32M memory problems, unplug the 32M memory (found memory is very hot), the fault remains. After the replacement, the memory to plug into other machines, can be normal operation, after inspection, CPU and display cards are also very normal, and eventually set the doubt on the motherboard.

Remove the motherboard, look at the memory slot under the magnifying glass, find that the 8th and 9 feet of the first slot of the BANK2 are touched together, short circuit (may be the insertion of the memory bar accidentally pin the slot of the socket). So with small tweezers gently will touch the 8th, 9 feet separate, and then carefully loaded with memory, boot after troubleshooting.

　　2. Faults caused by the motherboard battery

A compatible MMX366 computer, after each boot into win 98, when open "My Computer", will report that the device is not available, requiring a restart of the computer. When restarted, it sometimes works properly and sometimes goes into safe mode. If you go into safe mode and restart your computer again, it will work. But shutdown one night, and then turn on the fault again, using a variety of anti-virus software are reported no virus, Reload win 98 can not solve the fault.

Because the machine can start normally and go into safe mode, it is estimated that the device that is loading the driver is out of the question. Then change the sound card, graphics, optical drive, etc., the failure is still not resolved. It was later suspected that the chassis power supply was unstable or the memory stripe was defective, but the problem could not be solved after replacement. Think repeatedly, finally think of a long time shutdown work is not normal, will be the motherboard on the bios of the battery voltage is too low caused? So immediately replace a new motherboard battery. The next day the boot, everything normal.

The specific reason for the failure is that some drivers need to be set in the BIOS before they take effect. After a long shutdown, because the battery has been damaged, the BIOS settings can not be retained, resulting in some devices can not be used, when the computer restarted, the device driver in the BIOS in the parameter settings, This machine is functioning again.

　　3.Windows 98 handling of antivirus conflicts with the motherboard

At the beginning of Windows 98 installation, a black rectangular area suddenly appears on the screen and then crashes. Look carefully at the black area and have a hint to adjust the display brightness and contrast switch as if it were related to the virus. The workaround is to enter the BIOS setup and discover that the "Virus wrning" (Virus warning) option in the BIOS fetures Setup (BIOS feature settings) is set to "enbled" (allowed). Reinstalling Windows 98 after modifying to disbled (disabled) was successful.

　　4. Plus multi-function Card repair motherboard

A compatible machine, the failure to find a hard drive, performance for post, the screen appears "Primry HDC filure/press F1 to Restjme" error prompts, press "Fl" key available floppy disk boot, but can not enter the hard disk. Enter the BIOS in the "UTILITY" item for hard drive detection, the report first, second master and slave hard is "not detected".

First remove the optical drive, a good data line test, enter the BIOS to detect the hard disk (wiring correct, hard disk jumper is also correct), still can not find the hard disk, the data line on the motherboard on the IDE2 port, or the same. Later, the hard drive on other machines can be normal detection and normal operation, and check the machine voltage is normal, and finally suspected that the motherboard itself, the problem is estimated to control the chipset part of the damage.

With a multi-function card to replace, first of its floppy disk drive, serial port 1, serial port 2 and parallel print port in the BIOS of the corresponding items are set to Disble, the hard disk IDE port does not block. Then plug the multi-function card into any EISA slot on the motherboard, connect to the hard drive cable, and boot into the BIOS for automatic hard drive parameter detection for hard drive detection. At this point, the correct parameters for the hard disk are listed in the "Primry Mster (Master)", select "Y" to accept this parameter, and enter the "setup/advnced" item. Primry mster LBA Mode "is set to" enbled ". If set to "disbled", then start will appear "Missing opertion System" prompts, not through the hard drive to boot, but can boot from the floppy disk and can enter the hard disk, the rest according to the actual situation set. After the "CMOS" parameter is saved, the self-test is normal after the system reboot, either DOS or win 98 can run normally. Set the optical drive to hang from the disk on the hard drive line to work properly. If you encounter this failure, you can use the additional multi-function card to repair a similar failure of the motherboard.

　　5.Cche Refresh mode improper setting causes malfunction

A computer, in the installation or adjustment of the configuration, the test sound normal, but after entering the game more than half an hour, few minutes the mouse will be locked to death. If a silent card is selected in the configuration, the operation, control all normal. Because the fault manifests that the mouse and the sound card cannot coexist, the main consideration is hardware conflict. Sound card jumper set IRQ can be selected as: 5, 7, 103, I/O port address: 200H, 220H, 240H3, DMA Channel 0, L Two, will be composed of these conditions of the dozens of combinations of all try again, the fault remains. Later, when the game was run with another PC that was identical to the native hardware, the sound and mouse were normal. The CMOS setting parameters of the machine are all recorded, and the CMOS parameters of this machine are controlled and modified, finally find the "L1cche updte Scheme" in "Chipset featurs Setup". When changed to "Wr-through", all is normal, but "wr-bck", The fault appears again.

　　6.Cche Damage caused failure

A computer, in DOS a variety of programs running normally, as long as the DOS prompt type "WIN" and press "enter" key, the screen appears after the Windows logo panic. Hot boot is not valid and must be cooled again.