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UNIX Technology Development Forum http://www.usenix.cn
As the BSD Project (dragonflybsd, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD) grows, their misunderstandings are also increasing. Some of these are due to misunderstandings, while others are rumors intentionally spread.
This page aims to clarify these misunderstandings as objectively and fairly as possible.
Note:On this page, "* BSD" refers to all four BSD projects. For misunderstandings that only target a specific plan, they are described separately.
If you believe that there is an omission or error on this page, contact your maintainer Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org>.
Directory
- * The BSD project adopts the "Cathedral" Closed Development Mode
- You cannot create your own release or derive some work from * BSD
- * BSD is a great server system, but it is poor to use as a desktop system.
- * BSD codebase is outdated and is dying.
- * Various BSD projects are fighting each other, and different groups are differentiated every week.
- * BSD cannot be used for cluster (Parallel Computing)
- * BSD has no commercial support
- * BSD lacks Application Software
- * BSD is better than (another system)
- (Another system) is better than * BSD
Myth
* The BSD project adopts the "Cathedral" Closed Development Mode
In the influential paper "Cathedral and market", ericraymond illustrates how to conduct "open" development based on the Linux development model (which is used to develop the fetchmail mode. Correspondingly, * the development mode of BSD is generally characterized as closed.
The hidden value judgment here is: the "fair" (open) development mode is good, while the "Cathedral" (closed) development mode is bad.
If there is any difference, * the development mode of BSD is probably better than that of Linux and fetchmail.More likeThe development mode described by Eric.
Let's consider the following facts:
- For all * BSD projects:Currently, any source code released by FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD can be downloaded from the Internet 24 hours a day. You don't have to wait for others' release.
FreeBSD, NetBSD:Make a snapshot of the current progress of the installable project every 24 hours. These snapshots can be installed just like normal release operating systems, and do not need to be installed on existing systems.
OpenBSD:Installable snapshots are generated every day. If Theo thinks that the snapshots are good enough, they will be uploaded to the image site of OpenBSD.
The difference is that the new Linux kernel is released at will, and the distribution frequency of Linux depends on the painstaking efforts of different release manufacturers.
The new Linux kernel is not shown off every time it is released, because for * BSD users, that is what happens every day.
- All * BSD projects use CVS to maintain their source code.
All * BSD projects:All created a CVS tree that allows anyone to browse and download within 24 hours. We can use anonymous CVs, CVSup, cvsupit, CTM (via email), or obtain the source code tree through FTP.
- Anyone can use the send-Pr program installed on their * BSD system, submit patches, error reports, documents, or make other contributions through a Web interface.
Pointers to this system litter the documentation.
- Of course, not everyone can submit his modifications to * BSD source code to the CVS tree. To do this, you must first becomeCommitter. In general, those who submit several well-thought-out changes to the project using the send-Pr or other tools will be granted the "commitprivs" to become the committer.
This is the same as the Linux mechanism. Theoretically, only one person is allowed to change the kernel-Linus. However, some specific fields (such as the code of the Network) are delegated to others.
In addition: NIK (nik@FreeBSD.org) is a typical example. After making some contributions to the FreeBSD document project and webpage, although he never asked to become a committer, they generously gave "Commit privs" to avoid him having to bother other committer to write those changes into the CVS tree.
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You cannot create your own release or derive some work from * BSD
You can do this. You only need to explain the source code in the document and source code. A series of derived projects exist:
- Dragonflybsd originated from FreeBSD 4.x code branch, but has always had its own user community and development goals.
- Trustedbsd provides FreeBSD with a set of Trusted Extensions to achieve common criteria (CC) information technology security assessment. The project is still under development, and many of its code has been fed back to the FreeBSD operating system, but the development of both is independent.
- Freesbie runs a complete desktop operating system on a CD-ROM, which can also be installed, but is extremely useful for computers without hard drives.
- Another "Live-cd" Release of frenzy is customized for system management tasks. Includes software for hardware testing, file system detection, security detection, network settings, and analysis.
- Picobsd is a customized FreeBSD release that adapts to floppy disks. It is particularly suitable for transforming a physical PC without a hard disk into a router or network printer. This is part of the FreeBSD source code tree. For details, see/usr/src/release/picobsd.
- Nanobsd is another project used to crop FreeBSD. It can "slim" FreeBSD to put it in a flash card or other large-capacity storage. It is part of the FreeBSD source code tree. For details, see/usr/src/tools/nanobsd.
- A toolkit composed of tinybsd shell scripts to facilitate embedded development based on FreeBSD 5.x, 6.x.
- Thinbsd is a very small FreeBSD-based boot image that allows a standard PC to act as a diskless thin client on Microsoft Windows RDP server or X terminal. It is completely configured through DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
- PC-BSD is a desktop-oriented FreeBSD derivative system designed to be easy to install and well-supported by the community.
- Desktopbsd is another operating system that inherits from FreeBSD and emphasizes ease of use on the desktop.
- Gentoo/FreeBSD is the result of the Gentoo project porting their entire management tool to leverage FreeBSD's trusted kernel and userland strengths. This project is very immature and experimental.
- M0n0wall is a freebsd-based firewall that features many expensive features (such as Web interface, resetting factory default values, stateful packet filtering, NAT/PAT redirection, DHCP clients and servers, DNS Cache and forwarding, and so on.
- Pfsense is an open-source firewall system derived from m0n0wall. It contains many different goals and features, such as the packet filter (PF) of OpenBSD) freeBSD 6.1 is used to provide altq support for high-performance data packet queues and an integrated package management system to expand new features for this environment.
- Whistle interjet: it can be used as a "network appliance" for routers, Web servers, mailhost (including other functions), and can be configured with a browser. It is based on FreeBSD and provides a lot of enhanced code to the FreeBSD project while maintaining sufficient private rights to survive the business.
Similar to dragonflybsd, OpenBSD is not a separate project. It originated from the NetBSD project and formed its own unique method on the day of Self-differentiation.
* BSD can be used as a great server, but it is a poor (UNIX) Desktop
BSD can be used as a great server and can also be used as a very good desktop. Many server requirements (rapid response to user requests, stability, and effective use of system resources) are also required for a desktop machine.
* BSD can use the same desktop tools like Linux, such as Kde, gnome, Firefox, windowmanagers, and office applications such as OpenOffice suite can also be used in * BSD.
Thebsd codebase is outdated and is dying.
Although BSD codebase has been around for more than 20 years, it is neither outdated nor dead. Many professional users love FreeBSD's proven stability.
Technical enhancements are constantly being added to * BSD systems, including but not limited:
- SMP: A symmetric multi-processor used in a multi-CPU system.
- Softupdates: makes the BSD file system at least as fast as the Linux File System,NoIntroduce "Asynchronous write" and related risks.
- VM system: the virtual memory (VM) subsystem is still being improved. The integrated virtual memory/cache design helps systems like wcarchive.cdrom.com withstand thousands of concurrent connections.
- Supported platforms: FreeBSD currently mainly supports seven platforms: Alpha, amd64, i386, anteng, PC-98, PowerPC and ultrasparc. Migrating the project to another platform is still in progress. For more information, see supported platforms.
- Mac framework: FreeBSD supports mandatory access control, which is generally seen in expensive and trusted operating systems. FreeBSD provides you with advanced security for free. See the trustedbsd project for more Trusted Extensions.
- Geom classess: Geom is a modular disk framework that allows you to concatenate, mirror, strip or encrypted disks. It has rich functions and can protect your data security.
The * BSD projects are fighting each other, and different groups are divided every week.
No! In addition to occasional heated debates between users, * BSD developers are still working together. For example, the transplantation of FreeBSD's Alpha platform was initially based on the work of the NetBSD team. Both NetBSD and OpenBSD use FreeBSD ports to manage their respective port libraries. FreeBSD and NetBSD integrate the security fixes of the OpenBSD team into their own systems.
FreeBSD and NetBSD have been separated for more than a decade. OpenBSD and dragonflybsd are the only isolated projects in the past decade.
* BSD projects work very well in various fields. For example, the monthly publication "daemonnews" is the result of cooperation among members of the four major projects.
You cannot use * BSD as a cluster system (Parallel Computing)
The following url provides a counterevidence;
- Http://www.epm.ornl.gov/pvm/ parallelvirtual machine is a set of software source code that simplifies cluster settings is free and runs on FreeBSD without any issues.
- Http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/Projects/old/ClusterCookbook/
- Http://people.freebsd.org /~ Brooks/papers/bsdcon2003/fbsdcluster/Brooks Davis papers on how to implement FreeBSD clusters on more than 300 CPUs.
- Http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2004/07/01/freesbie.html/use freesbie (FreeBSD live-CD derivative system) to build a web cluster.
- Http://www.openbsd.org/faq/pf/carp.htmlopenbsd's common address redundancy protocol (CARP) to build redundant clusters at thelevel of the firewall
- Http://www.countersiege.com/doc/pfsync-carpA good explanation of carp
- Http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/carp.htmlopenbsd's carp ported to FreeBSD
It should be noted that, for further discussions on the cluster of FreeBSD, you can use the mailing list FreeBSD-cluster.
* BSD has no commercial support
FreeBSD:Freebsdcommercial vendors page lists companies that provide commercial support to FreeBSD
FreeBSD mall also provides commercial support, as well as shirts, hats, books, software, and publicity materials.
For training, you can try bsdmall.com. They also sell other things, such as shirts, hats, books, and software. It is worth looking.
OpenBSD:OpenBSD commercialconsulting page lists companies that provide commercial support to OpenBSD
* BSD has no application
Free Software can run on SunOS and similar mainstream BSD systems. * In general, BSD users can compile software written for this type of system without any modification.
In addition, every BSD project uses the ports system to manage the software, making it extremely easy to compile and transplant the software in the software library.
- FreeBSD:Currently, FreeBSD ports has over 16000 applications that can be downloaded and installed. On the i386 and amd64 platforms, the Linux Simulation layer is provided to run the vast majority of Linux applications. On the amd64 and itanium platforms, a compatibility layer is provided for running 32-bit FreeBSD binary programs.
- NetBSD:The Linux Simulation layer can run most Linux applications on the i386 platform, and most sunos4 applications can run on the iSCSI workstation.
- OpenBSD:Currently, more than 3700 applications in OpenBSD ports can be downloaded and used. The Linux Simulation layer can run most Linux applications on the i386 platform, and most sunos4 applications can run on the iSCSI workstation.
With little effort, NetBSD and OpenBSD can run FreeBSD's Program for porting the software library. This is also illustrated by a few porting procedures.
Most companies choose Linux first when migrating their work to the PC Unix platform. Fortunately, * the BSD Linux Simulation layer can run these programs (Acrobat, StarOffice, Mathematica, WordPerfect, quake, Intel ICC compiler, Compaq's Alpha compiler ...) even if a problem occurs, it is easy to solve.
As a historical note: the first version of netscapenavigator running in FreeBSD with Java support is Linux. However, now you can use the local version of Mozilla with the local version of Java Plug-in, which can be easily compiled from ports!
* BSD is better than (another system)
This is only the user's point of view.
(Another system) is better than * BSD
This is only the user's point of view.
Contributed to FreeBSD, NetBSD, and some members of the OpenBSD project;
| Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.org> |
Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> |
| Ian F. Darwin <ian@DarwinSys.com> |
| Adrian Filipi-Martin <adrian@ubergeeks.com> |
| Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org> |
