Geography of college Entrance examination This knowledge can take 80% of the score (1)

I. Description of geographical features

(i). Description of Regional natural geographic features:

1, the analysis of regional natural geographic characteristics:

From topography, climate, hydrology, vegetation, rivers, soils, natural resources, natural disasters, natural (ecological) environment and so on.

Example: Describe the natural geographical characteristics of Jinggangshan tourist area?

A: Low mountain hilly, subtropical monsoon climate, vegetation for subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, small and medium-sized rivers, abundant water resources, red soil, non-ferrous metals resources, summer prone to floods, landslides, mudslides and other disasters, easy to produce soil erosion.

2, the geographical location (location) Characteristics of the description:

Hemisphere position, latitude and longitude position (four sets of positioning), sea and land position, relative position (set of positioning), political location (neighboring country), economic location and traffic location

(Take Hainan Island as an example, see the 104th page of elective). Example: Describe the main features of the Lasa location?

A: Located in 300N, the latitude position is low, in the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Ocean Plate junction.

3, the description of the terrain characteristics:

"Elevation, topography and distribution, coastal merits as an alternate"

Example: Describe the topography characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region?

A: The average altitude of 4000 meters above, the overall topography is northwest of the high southeast of the low, the plateau edge and interior distribution of a series of majestic mountains, between the mountains, the plateau and gently "far from the mountains, look at the river"

4. Description of climatic characteristics:

The analysis of climate characteristics in a certain place should be combined with the geographical latitude, high and low topography, mountain direction, Yin, sunny slope, distance from sea and so on.

Start with temperature and precipitation (sometimes considering light).

Example: Describe the climatic characteristics of London?

A: Mild winter, Cool summer, low annual temperature, more precipitation, seasonal distribution uniformity; poor lighting conditions

5. Description of the characteristics of river water systems:

Main stream length, watershed size, river network density, curved channel, water system morphology, tributary number, width and depth, the lake has no, start and end flow, sometimes referred to

Example: Describe the water system characteristics of the Nile River?

A: The longest river in the world, originating from the East African Plat., to the north into the Mediterranean, to a smaller watershed, to a small tributary;

6. Description of the hydrological characteristics of the river:

Replenishment water level and water volume, the change of the season after the two, Hydro series plus shipping, Ice age in flood season sediment content. (Flood season: Springtime, Xia Xun, Cutlass, Ling Xun)

Example: Describe the hydrological characteristics of Songhua River and analyze its genesis?

A: The Songhua River Latitude high, the winter long temperature is low, the icing period is long, the spring snow Rongshui supplies, but appears springtime, and in flows to the high latitude the reach has the ice flood phenomenon, the precipitation concentrated summer, has the obvious summer flood, the flow through the area wooded, the sediment content is small, because the water supply is more abundant, the upstream slope The flow is urgent, the water resource is abundant, the downstream flow rate is steady, the shipping condition is good.

(b), the distribution characteristics of human factors description

7, the description of the characteristics of agriculture: agricultural status, agricultural regional types, major crop types and yield, agricultural sector structure, farming methods (iron Liniu tillage, mechanization, etc.), system, operating mode (peasant economy, intensification, specialization, etc.), agricultural modernization level, commodity rate.

Such as: the characteristics of Asian rice farming: (slightly)

8, Industrial characteristics Description: Industrial status, industrial development level and technical level, industrial sector structure, industrial products and research and development inputs, raw materials and products to the international market dependence degree and so on.

Such as: the characteristics of new Italian industry and the high-tech industry of Silicon Valley in the United States? Slightly

9. Description of population and urban distribution: surface distribution: plain; linear distribution: distribution of traffic along the river coastline; dot Distribution: Oasis in the Desert.

10. Description of distribution law of geographical things:

From the overall point of view is to grasp the "points", "line", "face" is what kind of distribution trend; To illustrate which geographical thing the geography is superimposed on, it is often said on which terrain is superimposed.

such as: Shanghai city where the distribution?—— Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta, Huangpu River banks.

①, "point" distribution generally has "zhongxinggongyue-like", "along a certain direction area is more sparse or more dense", or the geographical matter in a geographical distribution of the location of things.

For example, the distribution of urban system in Beijing is more sparse in the northwest and more dense in the southeast.

Shanghai "Baoshan Iron and Steel Factory" distributes in the northeast direction of Shanghai city, the Yangtze River is north.

The ② and "line" distribution should indicate the direction of its movement and its sparse and dense characteristics.

such as Xinjiang's settlement (city) distribution characteristics are along the foothills, Basin edge distribution, along the railway and the large River mountain mouth more dense.

Another example is "China's January 0 ℃ isotherm" distribution, can be described as: East section of the general direction, similar to the parallels do not, the western part of the northeast-southwest direction, similar to the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau parallel to the foothills.

The distribution of ③ and "face" should indicate the geographical distribution, that is, the boundary of the cardinal point, or the geographical object's distribution and approximate area in a geographical matter.

such as the distribution of the Loess Plateau is the east of Taihang Mountains, west to the east of Qilian Mountain, north from the Great Wall, south to the Qinling.

Another example is the geographical distribution of geographical problems in China: Northwest Geography is mainly desertification, salinization problem; The geographical problems in Southwest are mainly rocky desertification, landslide, mud-rock flow and acid rain. The Northeast is mainly the problem of soil fertility conservation and wetland protection; Jiangnan is mainly the problem of soil erosion and the three-dimensional utilization of land. And the coastal sea is mainly marine pollution, ecological destruction, fishing problems. Cities are mainly urban environmental protection problems and urbanization problems.

Geography of college Entrance examination This knowledge can take 80% of the score (1)