Hard Disk troubleshooting skills 4

I. Determination of common hard disk faults

Generally, hard disk faults can be divided into hardware faults and software faults. Relatively speaking, hardware faults caused by software are complicated because hard disks involve system software and application software, but the solution is sometimes relatively simple, for example, if the main Boot Sector is illegally modified, the system cannot be started, or the logical bad track caused by abnormal shutdown, it can be solved by re-partitioning and formatting. Hardware faults are tricky. hardware faults can be classified into system faults, such as the loose ide interface of the motherboard, incompatibility with other hardware devices, and unstable power supply, the other is the failure of the hard disk itself. Of course, we can use our eyes to check whether a chip is burned out on the circuit board, and use our ears to check whether there is any abnormal sound during startup. Hard Disk faults include damage to the head, board problems, loss of chip information, and non-rotation of the motor. The most intuitive phenomenon is that the hard disk cannot be identified after entering the BIOS settings of the motherboard.
You can determine the general type of hard disk failure based on the error prompt after the computer is started. For example, when the screen displays "device error" and "non-system disk or disk error, replace and strike any key when ready", the system prompts that the hard disk cannot be started, after a floppy disk is started, enter C: After a:>. The screen displays "invalid drive specification". The system does not recognize the hard disk, this is generally caused by the loss of hard disk setting parameters in CMOS or incorrect hard disk type settings. After the boot, the screen displays "invalid Partition Table". The hard disk cannot be started. If the disk is started from a floppy disk, the C disk is recognized. This is generally caused by an error in the partition table in the disk Master Boot Record. The screen displays "error loding operating system" or "missing Operating System", which indicates that the Master Boot Record of the hard disk is damaged, or the ending mark of the partition is damaged, this problem may also be caused by incorrect parameter settings of the CMOS hard disk. The cause is that the CMOS parameter is changed and the system file I/O under the hard disk. sys and msdos. sys was damaged; the hard disk dos Boot Record (BOOT) was seriously damaged, or the end mark of the DOS Boot Record (55 AA of 01ff) was lost; it may also be that the Master Boot data of the hard disk is damaged, or the master boot end mark (080. 55 AA of 081) is lost. The system displays "track 0 bad, disk unusable", which means "zero track damage, "The Hard Disk cannot be used" or when scanning other hard disks with a disk scanner, the red "B" appears in the 0 sector ". 0-sector damage to the hard disk is a headache for everyone. In general, the hard disk is sentenced to death, which is difficult to repair. If the screen displays "smart failure predicted on primary master: st310210a", then the warning is "immediately back-up your date and replase your hard disk drive. A failure mauy be immnent. "At this time, you must press F1 to continue. This is S. m.a. r. t technology tests that your hard disk may be faulty or unstable, warning you to immediately back up data and replace the hard disk. After this prompt appears, there are no other solutions except replacing the new disk.
Ii. troubleshooting of common hard disk installation faults

Improper installation of hard disks may lead to failures in normal use. For example, the IDE interface is not connected to the hard drive cable, or the IDE cable connector is in bad contact or reoccurs and broken; the hard drive is not connected to the power supply or the power supply connector is not plugged in; if the jumper is improperly set, the hard disk cannot be detected in the BIOS or the full capacity cannot be identified. If the hard disk lights on a few times during detection, but the BIOS still reports that no hard disk is found, it may be that a part on the hard disk board is damaged or the motherboard ide interface and IDE controller are faulty. In addition, if an unqualified signal line (80-pin signal line is not used as required) or the Motherboard chipset Driver (patch) program is not installed, the DMA mode cannot be enabled.

Some friends cannot start Win98 after a new hard disk is added. After the new hard disk is removed, everything is normal. This is because your Win98 is mounted on a non-C disk (such as a d disk) of the original hard disk, and after the dual hard disk is installed, if there are multiple partitions on the original hard disk, the drive letter will be staggered, as a result, the drive letter of the original hard disk has changed. When Win98 is started, it cannot find the default system files and a large number of applications during installation, which naturally cannot be started normally. In the case of multiple partitions, the order of Hard Disk Partitions is as follows: the primary partition of the primary hard disk is still regarded as a drive C by the computer, and the primary partition of the second hard disk is considered as a drive D, next, the other partitions of the first hard disk are arranged from the edisk, the other partitions of the second hard disk, and the last drive letter of the first hard disk. To ensure that the drive letter after the second hard disk does not change, there are two solutions: If you only use Win98, it is relatively simple. In CMOS, set the second hard disk to none, however, the second hard disk is not recognized in pure dos. The second method is to re-partition the second hard disk, delete the primary DOS partition, and only split the extended partition. In this way, the drive letter will not be staggered. Of course, if the first hard disk has only one partition, there will be no problem of drive character staggered. Another common hard disk installation failure is that the large-capacity hard disk cannot be correctly used on the old motherboard. There are many solutions, such as upgrading the BIOS of the motherboard or using a special partition software partition such as EZ.

The SATA hard drive power interface is very different from the port used by the traditional IDE hard drive. Currently, General Power Supply rarely directly supports Serial ATA hard drive, and special adapters are required. However, a few Serial ATA Hard Disks use dual-power supplies. In addition to the standard 15-pin power supply interface of Serial ATA, there is also a traditional power supply interface, which makes it easier to use. In addition, the Serial ATA hard drive has stricter requirements on power supply quality than the parallel interface hard drive. If you are a friend of Serial ATA hard drive, you 'd better configure a good power supply. Note that because the Serial ATA hard disk is very sensitive to the FPGA/PCI frequency of the motherboard, If you perform the overclocking operation, the hard disk may not be recognized or the usage is unstable. We recommend that you maintain the stability of the bus frequency whenever possible after overclock. It should also be noted that after Windows is installed, you must install the IIS acceleration patch or the patches for via, sis, promise, and silicon, the program automatically uses the best transmission mode based on the physical characteristics of the hard disk, in order to fully evaporate the performance of the serial-ATA hard disk. If the BIOS of the motherboard does not support the 48-bit LBA mode, the hard disk exceeding the GB capacity cannot be used directly. In this case, we recommend that you upgrade the latest motherboard BIOS. If you do not upgrade the disk, you can also use the built-in partition software DM, which provides the int13h Extension function to bypass the motherboard BIOS to support large hard disks. You can also use the Windows 2003 System Disk for partitioning to identify large-capacity hard disks larger than GB.

Iii. Handling of common "soft faults" on Hard Disks

Hard Disk soft faults are non-physical faults, such as the primary boot records, partition tables, boot files, and so on. As a result, the system cannot be started, and the hard disk cannot run due to virus infection, illegal operations and improper maintenance. In general, "Soft Fault" can be repaired by yourself. For example, a common partition loss fault is caused by virus damage to the partition table, and the data stored on the partition is still intact. We can try to fix it using related tools and software. Diskman to fix partition tables. Diskman is a powerful maintenance software for hard disk partition tables. It can determine whether the "System Parameters" of the partition are correct. diskman can automatically check the hard disk partition parameters and modify the incorrect parameters as prompted, you can also use the "re-partition" function to re-create a partition. Diskman can re-create a partition table by using the undamaged Partition Boot Record information. In the toolbar of the menu, select "re-create partition table". diskman searches for and re-creates partitions. Of course, we can also use kv3000 software to repair hard disk data and manually reconstruct the primary Boot Sector and partition table. Start the computer with a floppy disk and run kv3000.exe. Go to the kv3000 main screen, press F6 to start the hard disk partition search function, press f2 to search hard disk partitions, and then press f2 to view the boot zone of drive C. If the Boot Sector of drive C is normal, you can use the F10 function key of kv3000 to automatically recreate the primary Boot Sector and Partition Table of drive C. However, you must note that no matter what software or method you use, you cannot repair partition tables. Therefore, it is recommended that you back up a partition table on a floppy disk or a CD disk After partitioning the hard disk. Once the partition is lost, it is easy to recover.

In addition, hard disk locking by "logical locks" is also a serious fault. The most direct consequence is that the system cannot be started, or even the system cannot be started with an optical disk or a floppy disk. The key is that the "logical lock" modifies the normal primary boot partition records and points the first logical disk of the extended partition to itself. This forms an endless loop, this is why both hard drives and hard drives cannot be started properly. It is not complicated to solve this problem. The first method is to modify the DOS Startup File. First, prepare a system disk of dos6.22. Then, on a normal machine, use the binary editing tool you are familiar with (debug, pctools5.0, or ultraedit in Windows) to modify the IO on the floppy disk. sys File (remember to change the attribute of this file to normal before modification). Specifically, search for the first "55aa" string in this file and change it to any other value. With this modified system floppy disk, you can start with the locked hard disk. The second method is to unlock with DM. First you need to find the DM software that matches the hard disk, and then copy the DM to a system disk. Connect to the locked hard disk, Boot, press the Del key, and enter the CMOS settings to set all IDE hard disks to none (this is the key !), Save the settings and restart. Then the system can start with a lock. Run DM after startup. You will find that DM can bypass the bios, identify the hard disk, select the hard disk, and format the partition. However, the biggest drawback of this method is that all data on the hard disk will be lost.

Iv. Hard drive common "bad track" processing
There are two types of hard drive Bad Sectors: logical and physical bad sectors. The logical bad channels are soft bad channels, most of which are caused by improper software operations and use. software can be used for repair. Physical Bad channels are real physical bad channels, it indicates that the hard disk surface has physical damage on the track, and most of them cannot be repaired using software. It can only be solved by changing the hard disk partition or sector usage.

First, check whether the hard drive's bad track is a logical or physical bad track. The method is simple. When the computer is just started, press the "F8" key and select "command prompt only" to enter the DOS mode (the operating system must be Win95/98. If it is Win2000/XP, use the DOS boot disk ), run "Scandisk X:" (X indicates the drive letter). The Scandisk program checks the hard disk and displays a dialog box for the generated logical Bad Sectors, select "fix it" to repair the logical bad track. If the scanning program is stuck at a certain stage, the hard disk has a physical bad track. If a hard disk with a logical bad track still exists after initial repair, go back to Windows after normal startup, select a hard disk with a logical bad track in "My Computer", right-click the hard disk, select "properties"> "Tools"> "Start Check" to bring up the "disk scan program". Select "full" and check "Automatic repair error", and click "start ", scan and repair the partition.

For hard disks with Physical Bad Sectors, the above method won't work, but it is not impossible. The simplest way is to find a seller if the hard disk has not been warranty. However, if the warranty period expires, you have to fix it by yourself. First, we recommend that you use the original DM tool to "clear" the hard disk. Many minor problems may be solved by DM, in addition, the hard disk repair time can be greatly shortened by using other software after the above processing. Then use hddreg, mhdd, and Fb software for processing. These software functions are similar and have different features. Hddreg can achieve the goal of Repairing Bad channels through magnetic reversal. It is said that it can repair about 60% of damaged hard disks without affecting the original data information of the hard disk, this is what low-level formatting programs cannot do. You can also use partitionmagic for manual processing to hide bad channels. Specifically, start partitionmagic, select the "check" command under the "operations" menu, scan the hard disk directly, and mark the bad cluster, select "advanced"> "bad sector retset" under "operations", divide the bad cluster into independent partitions, and then use the "Hide partiton" command to hide the partitions. If the information "track 0 bad, disk unusable" appears when the computer is started, it will be troublesome to fix it, because this information indicates that the hard disk is damaged by zero magnetic channels, most people use hard disks for decommission. But it cannot be repaired. The principle is very simple. You only need to use one sector to replace the zero sector. Here we recommend "diskman", which is a commonly used hard disk tool. After downloading and running in pure dos, select the disk to be modified (usually a drive C) from the "Hard Disk" menu ), then, go to "Tools"> "parameter modification"> change the value of "Starting cylinder" from "0" to "1", and save and exit. You can partition the hard disk.

At present, the professional hard disk repair software "PC-3000" and hard disk manufacturers of the repair method is very similar. PC-3000 is a commercial professional hard drive repair integrated tool developed by Ace laboratory, a famous Russian hard drive laboratory. Through analysis and reverse engineering, it can crack the manufacturer's instruction code or even firmware, so that program software can be compiled to read, modify, and write the information of the hard disk system information zone freely. Like hard disk manufacturers, write programs to scan the disk surface according to the physical address, and reconstruct a new list of defective sectors to be written into the system reserved area to replace the original list. Hard Disks repaired by such software are theoretically basically the same as hard disks repaired by hard disk manufacturers. But the price is also very expensive. It costs about yuan! For common users ~ Please wait until you have the conditions!