Lessons 1: Chengchi District

Label: Walk slowly

Description: This article is part of Section 5th.

The palace of the Forbidden City is surrounded by a city with a length of about 5km. The city pool area is surrounded by a rectangle, including a-m moat and a 10-m high city wall, there is a city gate on all sides of the East, West, South and North, and a corner building on the four corners of the city wall in the southeast, northeast, southwest, and northwest.

The banned City pool was built in yongleian (early 15th century) of the Ming Dynasty ). The moat is also called the Buzi River. The river flows from the northwest to the southeast to the Yuhe River. Although the city was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, the overall scale and layout of the city remained the original appearance at the beginning of the construction, with a length of 961 M in the North and South, and a width of 753 m in east and west. The appearance of the city map is made of blue bricks from Linqing, Shandong province, which are smooth and solid. However, in the history of the Forbidden City for nearly six hundred years, the emperor's golden city Tang Chi almost never really played a role in defending against the enemy.

Midday

Located in the south of the entrance is the main entrance of the Palace Museum, the largest scale of the four doors in the city, the most spectacular weather. Mingyongle was built in 1420. Because it is located in the afternoon of the Forbidden City (Southern), it is called midday.

Wu Men is also known as "wufenglou", because the two sides of the main tower expand forward to the east and west of the city, there are two square pavilions echo with the central main building, if the shape of zhuque wings. Its shape actually inherits the tradition of Chinese dynasties and palaces-that is, the southern zhuque gate is the main entrance of the palace.

There are three doors on the front and five on the back. The central portal of the City Station is the emperor's entrance and exit "Yu Lu men". In addition, only the queen's wedding car enters the palace. the champion of the temple trial High School, the eye of the List, and the flower of the House can go to the middle door, to show the Emperor's excellent performance. Wang Gong of the clan went to the west gate, and wenwu officials went to the east gate. The city opened a door around the corner, only in the morning and day.

The Midday gate is the place where the Emperor ordered an expedition. Every time the Emperor's holy decree is read out, the holy book will be issued, and wenwubaiguan will listen to the decree in the square in front of Ji Wu. The Midday ceremony is also a place where the emperor often holds important ceremonies. In case of a large scale of triumph, the emperor boarded the morning gate building and held a solemn large ceremony in front of the afternoon to show the power of the Emperor. On the city floor, the emperor drumming when offering the temple at the midday entrance, opening a bell when offering the community, and holding a grand clock drum. At noon, it is sometimes used as a place to hold festive events. The Lantern Festival on July 15, lunar January 15 is a three-day Lantern Festival, which allows the masses to enjoy the Lantern Festival.

It was also the place of Minister of the pin of the Ming Dynasty. When the ministers and the Emperor discuss the government in the north and disagree with each other, the emperor sometimes pulls the Minister in violation of him to the noon to use bamboo to beat his ass. This is the pin. The pin is a thick bamboo. To increase its lethality, it is filled with mercury. A person who is beaten must be permanently disabled. This type of terrorism was gradually passed from the palace to the People's Republic of China, and was gradually reported as "opening a door and opening a door". In fact, Beijing's criminal court was in the southern city's food market, and it would not be executed during the afternoon.

In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, every sign of the Palace Museum was filled with Chinese characters, but now there are only Chinese characters in all the signs from noon to Baohe Temple, because Yuan Shikai was an emperor for 83 days, ordered that all the manwen in the former palace be destroyed.

 Shenwumen

Shenwumen is the backdoor of the Forbidden City ". Xuan Wu is one of the four ancient beasts of the gods. From the perspective of his position, the left Qinglong, the right White Tiger, the front zhuque, the back Xuan Wu, and the North of Xuan Wu, so the northern Palace of the Imperial Palace is named "Xuan Wu ". In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi's Xuan ye was renamed as "shen.

Shenwumen is also in the form of a warehouse. It uses the highest-grade louddb roof, but its main hall only has a five-open corridor and no wings stretching between the left and right sides, therefore, the shape level is lower than that of the midday portal.

Shenwumen is the access control for daily Inner Palace access. The Queen sacrifices silkworms, the Qing Dynasty draft female, and all the other women will go to the palace. The Emperor follows the central main entrance, and the door holes on both sides come and go from and exit the conchaise, official officials, guards, eunuch and craftsman. On September 16, 1924, Sundi was evicted from the palace and left.

In addition, this is the venue for drum reporting. There was a big drum and a big clock upstairs that year, and every night there was a dedicated person on duty to report more. One change is about two hours, and five more hours a night. From to the next day at night, there is a saying that "Three in the middle of the night" or "Three in the middle of the night. After the night falls, you have to ring a 108 bell before the Drum Festival begins. The building is quiet, and people in the Forbidden City can hear the bell. When the emperor was in the palace, the clock did not ring.

Now, shenwumen is the main entrance of the Palace Museum.

East China Men and West China Men

The east and west walls of Donghua and xihua are symmetric, and echo is formed on both sides of the east and west sides of the East and West dynasties outside the Forbidden City.

The entrance is surrounded by the horse's inscription, the door is the North-South flow of the Golden River, the first stone bridge, the north of the three doors.

The donghuamen and xihuamen are in the same shape, with a plane rectangle, a red tower, and a white jade tower. They provide three coupons and the inside circle of the coupon hole. There is a tower built on the tower, and the Huang luwa has a big eaves. There are 5 wide walls, 3 in depth, and a corridor around.

Donghuamen and xihuamen are not in the North-South and South-east directions like midday and shenwumen, but close to the southeast and Southwest China. They are the only place for ministers to go to the palace. Perhaps because the entrance and exit of the East China Gate will go through a large horse store, most of the courtiers generally go to the west China Gate in and out of the palace. Qing dynasty emperors and the queen mother often go to the west China Gate to visit the Palace.

It is said that the dingtalk on donghuamen is eight rows, different from the other three doors, dedicated for the Prince to access, the door is the Prince Palace of the Ming Dynasty Mandarin Hall.

Corner Tower

The most beautiful scenery in the Chengchi district is the four Cape buildings, exquisite and exquisite. The reflection is reflected on the moat. They not only look at the four sides of the city, but also let people outside the city view the beauty of the palace of the Forbidden City. They are not only China, but also the world's top architectural products. The architecture of the corner building is very complex. It has three floors of eaves, cross Roof ridge, bright mountains on all sides, multi-angle staggered, exquisite and exquisite, and the structure is very beautiful.

According to legend, during the construction of the palace, the Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty specifically specified to build a corner building on each corner of the Forbidden City, with a time limit of 100 days, if it is difficult to create a website, you need to kill the website. No one has ever seen such a complex building. It is difficult to break down skilled workers across the country. Seeing that the emperor's deadline is approaching, the craftsman may not be able to eat anything. At this moment, an old man selling zookeeper came. His cage is very exquisite and beautiful, and everyone is watching it. A craftsman unconsciously counted the corn straw on the cage, "one beam, two beam ....." A total of nine Crossbones, eighteen columns, and 72 ridges. Ah, isn't that exactly the corner building we're going to build! Everyone was very excited and suddenly remembered the old man who sold zookeeper. But at first glance, the old man disappeared. The craftsman said that this was the spirit of lubanye and came to save us. As a result, the craftsman constructed the corner building as scheduled.

Moat andJinshuiqiao

The perimeter of the walls of the Forbidden City is surrounded by a moat of 52-meter-wide and 6-meter-deep. The river banks are steep and steep, made up of stone lines, commonly known as the tunnel River. In the Qing Dynasty, the moat was built on the inner of the north, east, and west sides of the perimeter, with 732 guard rooms and highly guarded. The source of Moat water is the Yuquan mountains in Western Beijing. the landscape of Yuquan flows to the back sea of the city center through the high bridges of the Summer Palace, Canal canal, and Xizhimen, access the moat through the tunnel of the west part of jingshan. Lotus roots have been planted in moat since the Kangxi Dynasty. In lunar July, the lotus blossoms were spectacular. The lotus seeds and lotus roots that have been harvested are sold to the palace, and the rest are sold on the market. The silver obtained is sold as small flowers. After Jiaqing, rent a person to raise the charge.

The Palace Museum has two golden rivers, one being the Inner River and the other being the outer river. The two rivers come from Moat, and the source is Yuquan Mountain in the west of Beijing. In the theory of yin and yang, the "West" is gold in the five elements, so it is named "jinshuihe ", the above bridge is called "jinshui bridge ".

The waijin River is in front of tian'an. Its water system comes from the river section to the west of moat. After the moat reaches the southwest corner of the palace wall, it enters the tunnel and flows out of the Weaver bridge, bypassing the Community altar and flowing through the waijin Water Bridge, the niulang Bridge goes east to the tiangfei gate and flows out of the Imperial City. The water in the inner jinshui River is the moat river introduced from the tunnel on the west of shenwumen. The river flows south along the power supply in the neting West District, turning to the southeast in the garden of ciining, winding through the wuying Temple, form a beautiful arch-shaped canal in front of Taihe square, and then turn to the North Stream via wenyuan pavilion, in the west of the kaikku outflow of the palace. The inner river stretched for more than 2000 meters in the palace. There were 21 bridges on the river, large and small, and there were more than 10 culverts. In addition to practical functions such as excretion of rainwater, facilitating water intake and fire fighting in the palace, nejin River is also a factor that cannot be ignored.

Moat and city walls are the most charming places under the Imperial City. They can feel the leisure style of Beijingers and are especially suitable for photography. After walking through the Palace Museum, you can walk out of the city gate and enter a world completely different from the Imperial City, especially in the summer evening, which is the most beautiful.

Link
Walking around Beijing central axis (Full Set)
Walking around Beijing central axis (7): Lessons from midday to wumen
Official Website of the Palace Museum
Wang Gang guides you through the Palace Museum (I)
Beijing five-day self-help travel intelligence compilation (reprinted)
World Heritage in China .cctv.world.heritage.in.china.ep26.mkv
Winter after the snow tour to the Palace Museum (9)
Winter after the snow tour to the Palace Museum (1)