Ls-l file type [convert]

Common Linux file types include:Common file (-), directory (D), character device file (C), Block Device Files (B), symbolic link files (l)The Linux file type and the file name of the Linux File represent two different concepts. Similar to file.txt1_file.tar.gz created by a general application, although these files must be opened in different programs, most of them are normal files (also known as common files) that are measured in Linux file types ).

1. Common File

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-lH install. Log
-RW-r -- 1 Root 53 K 03-16 08:54 install. Log

We use LS-lH to view the attributes of a file. We can see that there is a file like-RW-r --. It is worth noting that the first symbol is -, such a file is a common file in Linux. These files are generally created using related applications, such as tools, document tools, archiving tools... or CP tools. To delete such files, run the RM command;

2 Directory

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-lH
Total 14 m
-RW-r -- 1 Root 2 03-27 02: 00 fonts. Scale
-RW-r -- 1 Root 53 K 03-16 08:54 install. Log
-RW-r -- 1 Root 14 m 03-16 kernel-2.6.15-1.2025_FC5.i686.rpm
Drwxr-XR-x 2 1000 users 4.0 K 04-04 mkuml-2004.07.17
Drwxr-XR-x 2 root Root 4.0 K 04-19 10:53 mydir
Drwxr-XR-x 2 root Root 4.0 K 03-17 04-25 public

When we run the command in a directory, we can see a file like drwxr-XR-X, which is a directory. The directory is a special file in Linux. Pay attention to itsThe first character is D.. Run mkdir or CP to create a directory. CP can copy one directory to another. Delete the file by using the RM or rmdir command.

3-character device or block Device File

If you enter the/dev directory and list the files, you will see something similar to the following;

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-La/dev/tty
CrW-RW-1 root tty 5, 0 04-19 08:29/dev/tty
[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-La/dev/hda1
BRW-r ----- 1 root disk 3, 1 2006-04-19/dev/hda1

We can see that the attribute of/dev/tty is CrW-RW-. Pay attention to the previousThe first character is C, which indicates the character Device File. Serial devices such as cats

We can see that the attribute of/dev/hda1 is BRW-r -----. Pay attention to the previousThe first character is B, which indicates a device.Such as hard disks and optical drives;

Files of this type are created using mknode and deleted using RM. Currently, in the latest Linux release, we generally do not need to create device files on our own. BecauseThese files are associated with the kernel..

Four interface files

When we start the MySQL server, a MySQL. Sock file is generated.

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-LH/var/lib/MySQL. Sock
Srwxrwxrwx 1 MySQL 0 04-19 11: 12/var/lib/MySQL. Sock

Note the attributes of this fileThe first character is S.. This isSocket file types that are rarely seen.

5. Symbolic Link file

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-lH setup. Log
Lrwxrwxrwx 1 Root 11 04-19 :18 setup. Log-> install. Log

When viewing the file attributes, we will see lrwxrwxrwx. Note that the first character is l, and this type of file is a link file. Is a new file name through the Ln-S source file name. The preceding example shows that setup. log is a soft link file of Install. log. How can this problem be solved? This is similar to shortcuts in windows.

Example of creating a symbolic link file;

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-lH kernel-2.6.15-1.2025_FC5.i686.rpm.
-RW-r -- 1 Root 14 m 03-16 kernel-2.6.15-1.2025_FC5.i686.rpm

[Root @ localhost ~] # Ln-s kernel-2.6.15-1.2025_FC5.i686.rpm kernel. rpm
[Root @ localhost ~] # Ls-lH kernel *
-RW-r -- 1 Root 14 m 03-16 kernel-2.6.15-1.2025_FC5.i686.rpm
Lrwxrwxrwx 1 Root 33 04-19 kernel. rpm-> kernel-2.6.15-1.2025_FC5.i686.rpm