ORACLE Rman Backup and restore
Rman can be incrementally backed up: database, tablespace, data file
Only used blocks can be backed up as backup set
Tablespace and Data file correspondence: Dba_data_files/v$datafile_header
In Noarchivelog mode, you can use Rman to back up read-only and offline table spaces
ORACLE Rman Downtime Backup:
Backup
Rman connection on oracle,windows under command mode
RMAN TARGET/
Local authentication mode is used to connect to the local database. The Rman connection database must be in dedicate mode. Therefore, the database in share mode should be configured with an dedicate connection for the Rman connection.
If you want to back up the control files and parameter files together
Configure Controfile autobackup on;//open autobackup
Configure Controfile autobackup off;//close Autobackup
Close the database
Rman>shutdown Immediate
The backup of the Mount database Rman must be in Mount mode, which is also important for controlling file backups.
Rman>startup Mount
The simplest backup
Rman>backup Database
Just this one, it's OK.
For such a backup, the backup set is in the database default location. %oracle_home%/ora92/database
Of course you can also use Run to flexibly define your backups.
rman>run{
>allocate chennel d1 type disk; assigning channels
>backup full database//fully backed up databases
>include Current Controlfile//Includes present Controlfile
>format ' E:\oracle\orders\db_%d_%s_%p_%t_%T '; Backup file location and file name format
>release Channel d1;//release channels
}
Recovery
1, the data file is damaged, and the control file is good, or has been restored
Rman connected to the database
Startup Mount
Restore Database
Recover database Noredo;
ALTER DATABASE open resetlogs;
Recover database Noredo This command instructs Rman to perform the final recovery operation to prepare to open the database. The Noredo parameter is required in this command because it is in Noarchivelog mode and no archived redo logs are applied and an online redo log is lost.
Finally, open the database with ALTER DATABASE open Resetlogs. Because the control file has been restored and the redo log needs to be rebuilt, resetlogs must be used.
2. Restore Control files
Startup Nomount;
Set dbid = <dbid>
Restore Controlfile from Autobackup;
ALTER DATABASE Mount;
Restore database;
Recover database Noredo;
ALTER DATABASE open resetlogs;
ALTER DATABASE open;
In this example there is a dbid this can be
SELECT * from V$database. But a database in the control file is broken can not open how to see it is in peacetime to write down this dbid.
This is the simplest example of backup and recovery with Rman, but you can see a synopsis of the Rman backup and recovery.
ORACLE Rman Online Backup:
1. ORACLE Rman Online backup needs to switch log mode as archive log;
A. Closing a database
sql> shutdown immediate;
B. Start the database to Mount state
sql> startup Mount;
C. Enable archiving mode
sql> ALTER DATABASE Archivelog;
D. Viewing the modified database backup and recovery strategy and location of the archive file
sql> archive log list;
Note: After modifying to archive mode, all previous database backups are not valid.
E. Modifying the appropriate initialization parameters
Before oracle10g, you also need to modify the initialization parameters to keep the database in auto-archive mode.
Available sql> show parameter log_archive_start; view
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- --------------
Log_archive_start Boolean FALSE
Sql> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE Scope=spfile;
Restart database This parameter is in effect, at which time the database is in Auto-archive mode.
Of course you can not do the 5th step directly
Sql>archive Log Start
Enables the database to enable automatic archiving, but the database is still in manual archive mode after a reboot.
2. Run: RMAN target/
3. Rman information Save: Saved in control file by default, save period 7 days
Adjustment: Alter system set control_file_record_keep_time= days;
4. Build a standalone database to hold Rman backup information
Since there is only one database, it is built on its own database
A. Creating a tablespace rc:create tablespace rc datafile size 10M autoextend on next 1M
B. Create user rc:
CREATE USER RC identified by RC temporary tablespace temp DEFAULT tablespace RC QUOTA UNLIMITED on RC;
C. Authorization rc:grant Recovery_catalog_owner to RC;
D. Build:
Rman catalog Rc/[email protected]
Rman>create Catalog;
Rman>exit
Rman target/catalog Rc/[email protected]
Rman>register database;
E. Use:
Rman target/catalog Rc/[email protected]
After this connection, the data will be stored in the control file and catalog
5. Global parameter configuration:
View: Show All;
Modify: Configure parameter name specific settings
For example: Modify whether to automatically save control file:configure controlfile autobackup on;
Restore Default value: Configure parameter name clear;
Key parameters:
A. Save period: Retention Policy
The default is redundancy 1: keep a backup;
Available values: Recovery window of 7 days: retains backups that can meet the 7-day recovery cycle
Based on condition check: report Obsolete:rman lists the backups that can be deleted based on the save period parameters
Delete more than backup: Delete obsolete
B. Optimized backup: Backup Optimization:rman automatically ignores content that has been backed up (data files, archive logs, backup blocks)
Premise: backup Specifies the same channel
C. Default Backup channel: Default device Type to disk: defaults to disks, the path is Flash recovery area
Channel Type:
Disk: File system path
Flash Recovery area: Default path
SBT: Tape Device
Modify to disk other path: Configure channel Device type disk format ' path/%u ';
For example: Configure Channel Device type disk format '/tmp/movedata/%u ';
6. Backup results
Backupset:backup (as Backupset) backup content, which is split into one or more backup piece, only this type of backup can be compressed.
Copy:backup as copy backup content
View By Type:
Backupset View: List Backup summary (List backupset summary)
View Details: List backupset BS
Copy view: List copy
View by content:
Entire database: list backup of database;
Tablespace:list Backup of tablespace users;
Data files: List backup of datafile N;
Control file: List backup of Controlfile;
Archive log: List archivelog all;
View by rule:
View files can be deleted according to save rules: report obsolete;
View what you need to back up according to your Save rules: report
Rman and OS combined check: Corsscheck content;
7. How to Back up
Full: fully prepared;
Incremental: Incremental Backup
Types that can be incrementally backed up: databases, data files, table spaces
A. A level 0 backup is required first as a basis. Example: Backup incremental level 0 back up content (Backup content: All used data block, different from image copy)
B. Increment type:
Cumulative increment: Backup cumulative Level 1 back up content;
Difference Increment: Backup incremental level 1 back up content;
Difference: Cumulative increment is always based on level 0 backup;
The first difference increment is a level 0 based backup, and the second one is based on the previous incremental backup
C. Image backup Increment method:
First time: Based on image all-ready;
Second time: Make incremental backup based on full standby, and then synthesize into an image fully prepared
The third time: based on the second image is fully prepared, make an incremental backup, complete the synthesis into an image full
Realize:
For example: for tablespace example
RUN {
RECOVER COPY of tablespace example with TAG ' incr_update ';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL Level 1 for RECOVER of COPY with TAG ' incr_update '
tablespace example;
}
D. Turn on the parameter "Block change tracking" to increase the speed
View status: SELECT status from V$block_change_tracking;
Default value: DISABLED
Open: ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK change TRACKING; (Default storage path db_create_file_dest in OMF)
To set the file path:
ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK change TRACKING USING FILE '/u01/oradata/mysid/rman_change_track.f ' reuse;
Off: ALTER DATABASE DISABLE BLOCK change TRACKING;
Backup and check: Bakcup check logical backup content;
Do not back up just check files: Backup validate back up content;
If the check has an error, view: v$backup_corruption;v$copy_corruption
8. Backup content:
Entire database: Rman>backup;
Classic backup of the whole library: backup as compressed backupset database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete input;
Tablespace:rman>backup tablespace name;
Data file: Rman>backup datafile N; (N: Specific data file number select File_name,file_id,tablespace_name from Dba_data_files;)
Control file: Rman>backup current controlfile;
Or Rman>backup database include current controlfile;
Log file: Rman>backup archivelog all;
or rman>backup database plus archivelog;
Parameter file: Rman>backup spfile;
9. Restore
A. Full recovery
Method One: Restore the entire database from the most recent backup set, and the database will automatically run the Redo and archive logs (Full recovery):
Sql>shutdown Immediate
Sql>startup Mount
Rman>restore database;
Rman>recover database;
Rman>sql ' ALTER DATABASE open ';
Method Two: Restore the entire database from tag, the database will also run redo and archive logs (full recovery), as the result of the above script:
1. View Tags:
rman> List Backupset summary;
Key TY LV S Device Type completion time #Pieces #Copies compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
B a A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t104634
B 0 A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t104645
B a A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t104711
B F A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t104713
B a A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t105333
B a A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t105350
B 1 A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t105353
B a A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t105408
B F A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t105411
25-jul-11 B A A DISK 1 1 NO tag20110725t111403
PNS B 1 A DISK 25-jul-11 1 1 NO tag20110725t111405
25-jul-11 B A A DISK 1 1 NO tag20110725t111421
25-jul-11 B F A DISK 1 1 NO tag20110725t111423
2. Restore the database:
Sql>shutdown immediate;
Sql>startup Mount;
Rman>restore database from tag tag20110725t104645;
rman> recover database from tag tag20110725t104645;
rman> ALTER DATABASE open;
B. Incomplete recovery:
Sql>shutdown immediate;
Sql>startup Mount;
Rman>restore database from tag tag20110725t104645;
Rman>recover database until Time "to_date (' 2011-08-04 15:37:25 ', ' yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss ')";
Rman>alter database open resetlogs;
Note: All backup sets are not valid after use, ensuring that security requires re-provisioning of the database (oracle10g, backup before Resetlog is still available)
Critical table Space Recovery (System/undotbs1/sysaux):
Sql>shutdown Abort
Sql>startup Mount
Rman>restore tablespace name;
Rman>recover tablespace name;
Rman>sql ' ALTER DATABASE open ';
Non-critical Table space Recovery (example/users):
SELECT * from V$datafile_header; Table space and data file correspondence relationship
Sql>alter database datafile digital offline;
Rman>restore tablespace name;
Rman>recover tablespace name;
Sql>alter database datafile Digital online;
10. Deleting a backup
All backup backups set: Delete backup;
All copy backup machines: delete copy;
Specific backup machine: delete backupset 19;
Delete files can be deleted according to save rule: delete obsolete;
To delete an expired backup:
Delete Expired backupset;
Delete expired copy;
One. Run block
For example:
Rman> RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL C1 DEVICE TYPE SBT;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL C2 DEVICE TYPE SBT;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL C3 DEVICE TYPE SBT;
BACKUP
INCREMENTAL level = 0
FORMAT '/disk1/backup/df_%d_%s_%p.bak '
(datafile 1,4,5 CHANNEL C1)
(datafile 2,3,9 CHANNEL C2)
(datafile 6,7,8 CHANNEL C3);
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG current;
}
12. External variables:
Language: Set Nls_lang=american
Date: Set Nls_date_format=yyyy-mm-dd ....
RMAN sciprt
Prerequisites: Catalog
notation: (global means it can be called by multiple databases)
Create Global script Name
Comment "Remark description"
{Script Contents}
For example:
Create global Script ABC
Comment "Test"
{Backup current controlfile;}
Call: Run {Execute script name}
For example: Run {execute script ABC;}
View: Print script name
Rewrite:
Replace Global script Name
Comment "Remark description"
{Script Contents}
Remove: Delete script name;
14. Permanently keep backups
The condition is that the backup cannot be kept in the flash recovery area;
A. Create a backup:
RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL C1 DEVICE TYPE disk format '/tmp/autobackup/%u ';
BACKUP Tablespace example;
}
B. Find the Backup:
List backupset of tablespace example;
C. modify properties to Permanent
Change backupset number Keep forever nologs;
15. Build multiple fixed-size backups
Example: Example test backup size is greater than 50M
Run
{
Allocate channel C1 device type disk maxpiecesize 10M format '/tmp/autobackup/%u ';
Backup Tablespace example;
}
There are six files in the/tmp/autobackup directory
16. Run Script: Backup recovery area
Backup content:
A. control file autobackup;
B. Incremental backup Sets
17.BLOCK Change Tracking
A. For the entire database;
B. Default storage path: Background_dump_dest
