Oracle TDE Transparent Data Encryption usage detailed

Oracle's transparent data encryption, which is part of the Oracle Advanced Security option, requires additional software costs.


This option can be encrypted with a variety of means, including the use of wallet (PKCS#12 standard) and support for pkcs#11 RAS hardware devices.


In 10g, transparent encryption supports column-level encryption, while in Oracle 11GR2, transparent encryption based on Tablespaces is added.


The following is a flowchart for encrypting and decrypting in the official document:


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Here's a simple test.


First, add the following paragraph in the Sqlnet.ora file:

The code is as follows	Copy Code
encryption_wallet_location= (Source= (method=file) (method_data= (Directory=d:oracle11.2.0networkadminencryption_wallet)))

To create a wallet key in Sql*plus:

The code is as follows	Copy Code
Sql> Connect/as SYSDBA Connected. Sql> alter system set encryption key authenticated by "Eygle"; System altered.

Close and open wallet:

The code is as follows	Copy Code
Sql> alter system set encryption wallet close; Alter system set encryption wallet close * ERROR at line 1: Ora-28390:auto Login Wallet Not open Sql> alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "Eygle"; System altered. Sql> alter system set wallet open identified by "Eygle"; System altered.

You can specify encryption when you create a data table:

The code is as follows

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Sql> Connect Eygle/eygle Connected. Sql> CREATE TABLE TDE (ID number (m), data varchar2 () encrypt); Table created. The sql> insert into the TDE select User_id,username from Dba_users; 9 rows created. Sql> commit; Commit complete. sql> connect/as sysdba Connected. Sql> select * from Eygle.tde;         ID DATA ———-———————————————— –           0 SYS          5 SYSTEM          eygle          9 outln          appqossys         dbsnmp          wmsys         DIP          oracle_ocm

Encryption and decryption is done automatically.
Query Dba_encrypted_columns view to find encrypted columns:

code is as follows	copy code
sql> select * from Dba_encrypted_columns; owner      table_name      COLUMN_NAME           encryption_alg                 SAL integrity_al ———-————— —————— – ————————— –-———— eygle    & nbsp tde             DATA                  AES key      Bits          YES SHA-1

If wallet is turned off, the encrypted column is inaccessible:

The code is as follows

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Sql> select * from Eygle.tde; SELECT * FROM Eygle.tde * ERROR at line 1: Ora-28365:wallet is not open Sql> alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "Eygle"; System altered. Sql> select * from Eygle.tde; SELECT * FROM Eygle.tde * ERROR at line 1: Ora-28365:wallet is not open Sql> desc EYGLE.TDE Name Null? Type —————————————————————– ——– ——————————- ID Number (10) DATA VARCHAR2 (m) ENCRYPT Sql> select ID from eygle.tde; Id ———- 0 5 34 9 31 30 32 14 21st 9 rows selected.

When you encrypt a column, there are two options: Salt and no salt.
Salt adds a string to the data before encrypting it, increasing the difficulty of cracking, making the same string encryption result different, and for no Salt, the same string can get the same encrypted output, its security is relatively low.
On an encrypted column, if you use the Salt method, you cannot create an index, and salt encryption and indexing are mutually exclusive and cannot be set at the same time:

The code is as follows	Copy Code
Sql> CREATE index idx01 on TDE (data); Create INDEX idx01 on TDE (data) * ERROR at line 1: Ora-28338:column (s) cannot is both indexed and encrypted with salt

When encrypting with the default Salt method, the index is allowed for encrypted columns:

The code is as follows

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Sql> CREATE TABLE Tde2 (ID number (a) Encrypt no salt,data varchar2 (50)); Table created. sql> INSERT INTO Tde2 select User_id,username from Dba_users; 9 rows created. Sql> select * from Tde2; ID DATA ———- ————————————————– 0 SYS 5 SYSTEM Eygle 9 Outln Appqossys Dbsnmp Wmsys DIP oracle_ocm 9 rows selected. Sql> commit; Commit complete. Sql> CREATE index idx1 on tde2 (ID); Index created.

When you perform an export, Oracle gives a hint:

The code is as follows

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D:>EXPDP eygle/eygle directory=temp dumpfile=tde2.dmp tables=tde Export:release 11.2.0.2.0–production on Thu Sep 8 15:35:19 2011 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to:oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition release 11.2.0.2.0–production With the partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and real application testing options Starting "Eygle". Sys_export_table_01″: eygle/******** directory=temp dumpfile=tde2.dmp tables=tde Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method ... Processing Object Type Table_export/table/table_data Total estimation using BLOCKS method:64 KB Processing Object Type Table_export/table/table . . Exported "Eygle". TDE "5.562 KB 9 rows ora-39173:encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set. Master table "Eygle". Sys_export_table_01″successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for Eygle. SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: D:temptde2. DMP Job "Eygle". Sys_export_table_01″completed with 1 error (s) at 15:35:23