P2P followed by P4P

Different from the P2P random selection of resource points, the P4P protocol (proactive network provider participant ipation for P2P) can use network topology data to select the best resource point, thus improving the network routing efficiency.

■ Zhang yanqiang, Beijing Jiao Tong University

P2P (Peer to Peer) has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Film downloads, online videos, file downloads, IM and so on all adopt this technology. Through P2P, the network download speed and Video watching effect have been greatly improved and improved. However, the popularity of P2P applications puts a lot of pressure on telecom operators in terms of network bandwidth, which is often caused by the number of operators' expansion, the amount of P2P applications used, and P2P also occupies the bandwidth of HTTP and other ports, as a result, normal internet services such as Web browsing are affected. In this case, P4P technology came into being. It gives operators and users a new choice, and is expected to reduce the bandwidth pressure of operators while improving user satisfaction, therefore, it is considered a very promising technology.

P2P challenges

P2P randomly selects resources in different network locations. In other words, it returns resources to users equally without distinction between the locations in the network. Taking multiple carriers as an example, in the initial P2P, when a P2P user finds a resource on the internet, it may find the resource at five locations, in Carrier 1, operator 2, and operator 3, resource 6 is the Intranet resource of the P2P user's network. If you use the P2P engine for query, the result may give priority to resources 2 and 5, all of which are out-of-the-net resources, which may cause network congestion between operators, this slows down the download speed (see figure 1 ).

The above figure shows the situation where the resources are located in the networks of different telecom operators. if the resources are located in the networks of telecom operators, the situation is similar to the previous one, which also causes network congestion between provinces and provinces, and the download speed slows down (see figure 2 ).

This unordered P2P method has brought a lot of trouble to operators, and it is impossible and unrealistic to completely put an end to this application. In this case, it is wise to seek guidance, that is, the P4P technology is used to improve the communication between P2P and the network, so that client programs can better use the network status information, thus reducing the network pressure and reducing operation costs.

P4P "proactive network provider participant ipation for P2P" means to improve the communication between service providers (ISPs) and client programs, and reduce the transmission pressure and operation costs of carrier backbone networks, minimize the Network Pressure of operators and improve the file transmission performance of P2P. Different from the P2P random selection of resource points, the P4P protocol can use network topology data to select the best peer (resource point) to improve network routing efficiency.

According to relevant test data, P4P can improve the performance by about 200%, or even more than 600% in some cases, so the future development prospects of P4P are very broad. In addition, because P4P uses network topology information management, it can reduce the backbone network pressure, so it has a greater advantage than P2P for telecom operators.
Technical Principles of P4P

Because resources are located in different carriers and resources are located in different provinces and subsidiaries of the same operator, the following previous situation is analyzed as an example.

In view of the above situation, in order to reduce bandwidth requirements between carriers, you can try to restrict the user download range. For example, when a user downloads a file, resources in the network are preferentially selected based on the IP address matching range. For example, in figure 1, the search engine returns 5 resources and the ISP network resource 6 first. If the internal P2P network is fast (usually fast ), in this way, you can no longer (or less) connect to other resources to reduce outbound traffic. For the same carrier, the Intranet can be further subdivided by province IP addresses, and the resources of the carrier in the province are preferentially returned to further speed up the download and reduce the Internet pressure.

However, this method is also flawed. If the content resources in the network of operator 2 are poor, the resources that meet the query requirements will still be the resources of other networks, this situation often occurs when users download non-popular resources, which leads to poor experience of such download resources and puts a lot of pressure on the network outlets of carrier 2.

To solve the problem mentioned above, we need to create an image node in the network of carrier 2 and accelerate P2P through the image node. The acceleration part requires a large amount of storage, and after relevant analysis and processing, it provides accelerated P2P services for users of carrier 2.

The data on the image node comes from the statistics and analysis of resources downloaded by P2P users. After a P2P user downloads a resource, the related analysis is performed to access the storage if conditions are met, it provides high-speed services for other P2P applications of carrier 2.

With an image node, when a P2P user downloads a resource, the P2P engine returns one Intranet resource (resource) and the image node. When no resources are available for both the Intranet and the image nodes, other carriers can provide services for P2P users. After some statistical analysis, the required resources are added to the image node.

This method can greatly improve the service quality of users because it can buffer data through image nodes. However, this method requires a large investment. At the beginning of the image node, because the storage data volume is small, the acceleration effect for users will gradually improve with the increase of time. Based on the above processing, the processing of grid computing, file heat computing, and other systems can further improve the system processing capability, increase the file hit rate, and provide users with faster access speed.

For multiple operators, P2P access can also be accelerated within the operator through this method, so as to minimize P2P access to all users, that is, to effectively select peer, thus improving the network routing efficiency.

P4P Development Trend

From the above analysis, it is not difficult to find that P4P has carried out in-depth research on software and hardware, and has made related hardware investment, the original loose P2P has become a planned deployment and application. Therefore, P4P further reduces P2P traffic to or from other carriers while improving user satisfaction, which greatly reduces the network pressure on operators and is welcomed by operators.

In general, P4P is intended to provide services for network operators, and its application target will also be legal commercial services. It is foreseeable that this technology will be oriented to large ISPs at least in the short term. However, in any case, P4P is a very important improvement compared with P2P, and points out a new direction for the sharing problem. We believe that P4P will eventually expand to the entire P2P network and replace P2P. The characteristics of P2P determine that it has a solid user base, but the problems that arise determine that it must be improved. This is the background of P4P. P4P not only provides better services for users, but also welcomes this technology. Therefore, P4P is likely to flourish in the Chinese Internet market, it provides more reliable and efficient Internet services for Internet users in China.