Project Management Study Notes 6. Project Quality Management

This article originates from project management-integration.

I. Introduction to quality management

Quality: it is the applicability of the product, that is, the degree to which the user needs can be met during use.

(International Standards Organization) Quality: quality is the sum of capabilities that reflect the entity's ability to meet clear and implicit needs.

Quality management is the core of project management.

Quality Management: all management activities that determine quality objectives and achieve quality through quality planning, quality control, and Quality Improvement in the quality system.

Seven principles of quality management:

1. Customer orientation: customer-centric, customer satisfaction as the ruler of quality standards.

2. Leaders: the quality of the project depends to a large extent on the importance of the top leaders.

3. Full participation: quality management is not only the responsibility of quality inspection personnel, but also the responsibility of everyone. It puts the quality responsibility to the first specific person, in addition, continuous quality improvement is transformed into a kind of self-perception behavior through training.

4. Process Management: The focus of management changes from result testing to process monitoring.

5. Real data retrieval: any effective decision-making cannot rely on subjective concepts and assumptions. It must be based on facts and be based on quantitative analysis.

6. Supplier mutual benefit: Establish long-term mutually beneficial partnerships with upstream suppliers, discard short-term behaviors that determine Procurement based solely on price indicators, open communication channels with suppliers, and trust each other, jointly carry out quality improvement activities,

In terms of win-win cooperation, we seek to maximize the long-term interests of both parties.

7. strive for excellence in quality as the eternal goal of the Organization.

Three steps of Quality Management: Quality Management Plan, quality assurance and quality control.

Ii. Quality Management Plan

1. plan preparation process

1) Input basis: business environment factors, organizational process assets, project scope descriptions, model standards, and quality management policies.

2) tools and technologies: cost-benefit method, benchmark comparison method, management process method, experimental design method, and QFD Matrix Method

3) input results: Quality Management Plan, quality inspection standard, quality inspection form, process optimization plan, and management plan update.

Iii. Quality Assurance System

1. Quality assurance implementation process

1) Input basis: Quality Management Plan, process optimization plan, quality inspection standards and quality control assessment, preventive correction measures and approval of change applications.

2) tools and technologies: quality planning tools, quality control tools, quality review activities, and implementation process analysis.

3) output results: quality improvement measures, management plan updates, and process asset updates.

Methods and tools for Quality Assurance involve two aspects: one is regular quality review activities and the other is irregular continuous quality improvement activities. The former is equivalent to regular health check, and the latter is equivalent to health care.

2. Composition of Quality Management System

Establishing and constantly improving the quality management system is the core content of the entire quality management system.

1) Organizational Structure Guarantee System

The role of the highest leader in the organization, the Full Participation Mode and participation, and the allocation and role of professional and quality personnel.

2) guarantee system of rules and regulations

Operational process specifications, information management specifications, inspection and change procedures.

3) Quality Standard Assurance System

Precise and quantified quality objectives, specific quality requirements, detailed implementation rules and unified terminology are required.

4) Resource allocation Assurance System

Equipped with quality inspection equipment to ensure the quality standards of the raw material supply chain, and equipped with qualified staff and quality management professionals.

5) Continuous improvement activities

Training, inspection, evaluation, problem analysis, and suggestions collection.

The quality assurance system requires the establishment of a standardized communication platform. The concept of standardization has two cornerstones: 1. unified terminology; 2. Quantified indicators.

Quantitative indicators can be divided into two sources and two categories. Source: Pilot Indicators, namely national and industrial standards or external benchmark indicators. Self-built, complaint rate, return rate, customer satisfaction, etc.

Category: feature measurement indicators, functional indicators that meet the needs of products or services. Defect Measurement index, product failure rate, communication error rate, damage rate, wear rate, etc.

3. quality-related costs

Quality-related costs are an important part of the quantitative system, also knownQuality Cost.

Quality Cost = consistency cost + inconsistency cost, consistency cost = prevention cost + evaluation cost, inconsistency cost = Internal Defect cost + external defect cost.

Preventive cost: it is the initial cost of research, training, and prevention paid by planning and implementation projects.

Evaluation cost: it is the cost of inspection, procurement, maintenance, and employment paid to keep the quality deviation within a certain range during the implementation process.

Internal Defect cost: the cost caused by product service quality defects, such as rework and waste compensation loss.

Cost of external defects: The cost of Liability Litigation, management training, fines, etc. caused by product or service defects discovered by the customer.

Generally, consistent cost> inconsistent cost indicates that the implementation is normal. Otherwise, the project is facing a crisis.

Tool: quality standard form.

4. Quality Management System third-party review: internal review, Customer Review, and certification review.

Third-party review is a key part of quality assurance.

Iv. Quality Control System

The principle of quality control is to compare the project implementation results with the predefined quality standards, identify deviations, analyze the causes, and then take corrective measures.

1. Operation Process

Input: Organizes process assets, quality management plans, quality inspection standards, quality inspection forms, work performance information, project delivery results, and approves change applications.

Methods and tools: Seven Old tools, seven new tools, and defect remediation methods.

Outputs: Control Effect Evaluation, delivery result confirmation, defect remedy, preventive correction, management plan update, Quality Standard update, and process asset update.

2. Quality Management and Control Process

(PDCA) process method: plan stage, execution stage, inspection stage, and processing stage.

3. Quality control tools

Statistical Tool application principle: first, sampling, then discovering deviations, analyzing and determining the causes of deviations again, and finally quantifying the deviations and taking corrective measures.

Statistical sample size: formula for sampling quantity

Sample size = 25% * [credibility parameter/(1-expected credibility)] 2 (power)

Expected credibility	Parameter Value
95%	1.960
90%	1.654
80%	1.281

4. Application of control tools

Quality control diagram: seven points out of control principle

Histogram and normal distribution:

Causal Fishbone Diagram:

Logical Association diagram:

Column chart and the Law: A column chart-expresses information based on priority to highlight key factors. 80% law: 20% of problems are caused by of the reasons.

This article originates from project management-integration.