Psychology--The brain

Nobel Prize laureate biologist Francis Crick
The amazing hypothesis: you, your joy, your sadness, your memories, your aspirations, your perception of the identity of your personality, your free will, in fact, all of this is just a physiological reaction of a large number of nerve cell sets and their associated molecules.

Lewis Carroll Alice: "You're just a bunch of neurons."

On dualistic theory

Philosopher René Descartes
Dualism advocates, at least for human beings, there are two independent components, namely physical physical objects and intangible psychology.

Essay According to:
1, some things, human can do, the machine will never be able to do. Human behavior is not only reflective, but human beings have the ability to coordinate creativity and initiate spontaneous behavior. For example, we can use language.
Perhaps what you are going through now is not real, but the illusion created by some evil creature, and Descartes is even suspicious of his own physical existence. Unlike having an indeterminate body, having the mentality is certain.

Dualism reveals the intuition of personality identity, which is to say, the general point of view tells us that a person, even through the physical changes, is still the original person. (Kafka, Beetle; multiple personality disorders)

Most people in the world, most of the time, believe that people can do the body die and the soul is immortal.

The existing scientific consensus is that all mental activities, including consciousness, mood, choice, and morality, are the product of brain activity.
Cognitive, psychologist, and neurologist, concludes:psychology is the product of brain activity, which reflects the activity of the brain ., just as the result of the operation reflects the operation of the computer.

Reason one: physical objects are capable of accomplishing complex and interesting activities, such as knowing that machines can be chess-able to handle symbols, which increases the likelihood that humans are physical objects.
Reason two: The brain is involved in human mental activity, and the head hit will change your mental faculties.

About neurons

Neurons are the basic unit of the brain and a special kind of cell.
Three main parts:
Dendrites: Responsible for receiving stimulation signals from other neurons (stimulated and inhibited, increasing or decreasing the likelihood of neurons producing nerve impulses).
Axon: Nerve impulses are transmitted along axons.
Myelin sheath: The myelin wraps the axon and actually forms an insulating layer that allows the nerve impulses to be transmitted quickly.

Divided into three categories:
Sensory neurons: responsible for collecting external information.
Motor nerve element
Middle Neuron: Contact the first two neurons. Primarily responsible for thinking, they associate feelings with behavior.

The number of neurons that produce nerve impulses is one of the factors that affect the response strength of neurons that obey all or no laws. The other is the frequency with which the nerve impulses are generated.


Neurons can subtly influence the mind's activities.

Drinking inhibits the inhibition of neurons in your brain, and when you drink enough, it suppresses the excited neurons in your brain. Then he was drunk.

Amphetamines increase the amount of arousal

Prozac is Prozac works on serotonin.

The brain is superior to computers in two ways, while the brain is not susceptible to damage, and the second side of the brain reacts very quickly (studying neural network models).

Not all actions require the involvement of the brain, and part of the activity that the brain participates in uses a fairly low-level internal structure called the subcortical structure.

Fish don ' t has any of this, so no offense to fish, but it's fish don ' t has much of a mental life

Eighty percent of the volume of our brain

Lesson Three

Psychoanalysis is the representative of Siegmundt Freud .
The representative character of the behavioral doctrine is Skinner Skinner

About Floy

At the heart of the theory is a series of ideas about human rationality.

The first major point of view, which is about the unconscious motive, refuses to recognize that human behavior is dominated by consciousness.

According to Freud's theory there are three kinds of personality structure, there is a strong internal conflict between them, your behavior pattern and your mode of thinking is not a product of the existence of a single rational, but a series of conflict events of the product.
I: Follow the "Happy Principle", is born with, is the biological side of self-nature, the pursuit of happy instant gratification. (e.g. baby), blind.
Ego: Follow the "reality principle", it tries to find the method that satisfies the request in the reality, sometimes is to seek the method that abandons, symbolizes the origin of the consciousness.
Hyper-me: is the social family norms of the internal.
Basically the ego is between me and the Super me, and this I and the super I are blind. The majority of the personality structure is unconscious.

The above is the general framework of Freud's theory, on the basis of which expanded and put forward the theory of sexual psychology development.

Freud believes that personality development is divided into five stages, and that each stage is related to a specific area of desire , and if you encounter obstacles at a certain stage and do not get satisfied, you will stay at this stage.
The first stage is the oral stage, the happiness comes from the oral movement, premature weaning will make the child to form the so-called oral period personality . (overeating, chewing gum or smoking, relying on others, sticky people)
The second stage was the anus period, which failed to properly grasp the potty training. (forced, neat and stingy)
The third stage is the genital period, the sexual organ is the main source of happiness, fixation at this stage will lead to women or men over-masculine, or cause women to have a desire for attention or control. (Oedipus complex)

Hydraulic theory: Some pent-up desires are manifested through dreams and slips of the tongue. In some special cases, repressed desires are manifested by specific clinical symptoms.

Defense mechanism: In daily life to prevent from the original desire to enter into the consciousness of the use of the method. (sublimation, transpose, projection, regression)
In general, we use these mechanisms to maintain the balance of the unconscious system. When the defense mechanism does not work, it can cause a hysteria disorder.
Clinical manifestations: Hysteria blindness and hysteria deafness, in addition to paralysis, tremor, panic disorder, amnesia and other memory loss and so on.

The key assumption of psychoanalysis is that the problems you encounter actually reflect deeper conflicts that you suppress, and once you understand what the deeper conflicts are, your problems will be solved.

Freud believed that the dream is a dominant dream, "dominance" refers to the dream that can be remembered after waking, but dreams also have latent dreams,
Latent dream refers to the hidden meaning of dreams. He thinks all dreams are the fulfillment of desire. Dreams have symbolic meanings.

The concept is vague and the system is large and difficult to be verified, that is, non-falsification is one of the main criticisms of Freud.

The greater the pay, the more you love.

1 ' Don't score 2 in red. ' Don't ask questions, ' There's no problem ' and everyone is scared, I should ask, "What's your problem?" ”

They have a role to play, but "no cure."

Psychology--The brain