RIP of Dynamic routing protocol

· Features of RIP protocol:

1) Rip belongs to IGP and is Distance-vector protocol.

2) RIP is UDP-based, port number 520

3) Periodically send updates to neighbors with wide (group) broadcasts.

4) do a full update to pass the entire routing table information to the neighbor.

5) Metric (measure) is only related to the number of hops.

6) Only equivalent load balancing is supported

• Troubleshoot DV loop issues:

1) Defining a maximum:16 jump.

2) Split Horizon: Routes received from one interface are no longer emitted from this interface.

3) Route poisoning: Set the unreachable route directly to Infinity (16 hops).

4) Holddown timers: All Neighbors "Freeze" this route,

If the route resumes during the "freeze" period, the route continues to be adopted

Better routing will be adopted if better routing is received during the "freeze" period

If you receive a worse route during the "freeze" period, the route is not accepted

5) triggered Updates:

Avoid periodic updates that consume bandwidth and send updates only when the topology changes.

The RIP protocol defines two types of messages:

1. Request a message

2. Response message response

The request message can request information for the entire routing table, or it can request only certain routing information. Typically, when RIP is on, a packet with a request message is emitted to each interface of the enabled RIP protocol.

The response message is used to send the router's route to another router. Usually the cycle is sent.

Features of RIP-V1:

• Send updates at broadcast address 255.255.255.255.

• The route is automatically aggregated into the main class network when it crosses the main class network boundary.

• VLSM is not supported and does not carry mask information when updating

Configuration:

router RIP //Enable RIP protocol on the router

Network 10.0.0.0 //Announce the network, only the main class declaration

• On Cisco routers, after running RIP, the default is not version V1 or version V2, but a special state.

show IP Protocols//view currently running protocols

Interface Send RECV

serial0/0 1 1 2 (default)

Router RIP

Version 1 //If you want to run the V1 version, call this command

Interface Send RECV

Serial0/0 1 1 (Designation V1)

debup IP Rip //This command can debug routing updates

Features of Rip-v2:

• Send updates at the multicast address 224.0.0.9.

• By default, routes are aggregated automatically when they cross the main class network boundary, but they can also turn off automatic summarization for manual summarization

· RIPV2 supports VLSM, which carries the mask information when the update is sent.

Configuration:

Router RIP

Version 2//enable version V2

Interface Send RECV

Serial0 2 2 (Designation V2)

• Under normal circumstances, RIP-V2 is sending multicast updates, this command forces RIP to use broadcast updates

int S0

IP RIP v2-broadcast//configuration under Interface

• Although v2 carries a masked message, it is automatically aggregated into the main class when it crosses different network boundaries.

Router RIP

No auto-summary//Use this command to turn off automatic summarization

· When RIP is auto-summary, the local and received routes are aggregated into the main class and emitted.

Compatibility with version V1 and V2

int S0

IP RIP send version 1 //SET interface only sends out updates for version V1

IP RIP receive version 1 //set interface only receive updates for version V2

IP RIP send version 1 2 //set interface to send updates for both V1 and V2 versions

1) Update (30S)

Random variables are 15% of the update period, i.e. 4.5S (25.5s-30s)

2) Invalid (180S)

180S is possible down, and the hold-down timer starts immediately after.

3) hold down (180S)

The actual use of only 60S

4) Flush (240S)

240S has not received a routing update to remove this route.

Test possible down:

1) Set Passive-interface

2) medium-indirect SW

3) The middle is FR

4) authentication mismatch

Router RIP

Timers Basic Ten //Modify four timers

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Passive interface >

In the RIP protocol, if an interface is set as a passive interface, the interface will not be able to send outgoing routing updates, but it can also receive routing updates sent over to the end.

Router RIP

Passive-interface s1/0//The interface is set to passive interface, only receiving

Router RIP

Passive-interface default//Set all interfaces to be interface

Router RIP

No passive-interface s1/0//Cancel a passive interface

Debug IP Rip

Route Summary >

After you turn off auto-summarization in RIP, you can do a manual summary on an interface. Note, however, that the aggregated network number cannot cross the main class network. RIP does not support CIDR.

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R1 (config) #int S1/1

R1 (config-if) #ip summary-address RIP 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

(in the outbound interface for routing direction)

Features summarized in RIP:

• A local presence has a detailed route to issue a rollup route from the interface that makes the rollup.

• The rollup will not disappear until the last route of the detail disappears.

• Take the minimum metric value of the detail route

Horizontal Division >

RIP is run on the vast majority of interfaces, and horizontal segmentation is enabled by default

Enable:ethernet/serial/bri/fr Sub-Interface (P2P/MP)

DISABLE:FR physical interface This interface is very special, the default is closed

int S0

no IP split-horizon //This command closes the horizontal split under the interface

Unicast Update >

The default RIP sends only broadcast or multicast update packages, and the following command lets RIP emit a unicast packet

Router RIP

Neighbor 10.0.0.2

Offset List >

Can be used to increase the metric value of the route, you need to first use the ACL to catch the route

Access-list 1 Permit 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.0

Router RIP

Offset-list 1 out 3 Ethernet 0/0//Metric value for ACL1 matching route plus three points

Or:

Offset-list 0 out 3 Ethernet 0/0

(0 stands for all routes)

Authentication technology can improve the security of the network, only the mutual authentication between two legitimate routers can pass routing information.

RIP supports two kinds of authentication methods:

1. Clear Text Authentication

2, MD5 certification

First step: Define the Password vault

Key Chain R2 //Valid locally

key 1 //Recommended both ends consistent

Key-string Cisco

You can define multiple key values, match from small to large, send the key value as the smallest one, and set a valid time for the key value.

Step Two: Apply the password library under the interface

int S0

IP RIP authentication Key-chain R2

Step three: Specify the authentication mode under the interface

int S0

IP RIP authentication mode [Md5|text]

R1#show Key Chain

R1#debug IP RIP

Tip: Every route update message in RIP can contain up to 25 routes, and only 24 are allowed after the plaintext authentication, and only 23 are included after the MD5 authentication.

R2 (config-keychain-key) # accept-lifetime 04:00:00 Jan 2006 Infinite timed reception

R2 (config-keychain-key) # send-lifetime 04:00:00 Jan 2006 04:01:00 Jan 2006 timed Send

R2 (config-keychain-key) # send-lifetime 04:00:00 Jan 2006 Duration 300 validity 300S

Note: The password library can define multiple passwords at the same time, to match according to the rules when matching, clear-text authentication and MD5 authentication matching rules are different, the following are described separately.

PlainText Authentication matching rules:

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Clear Text Authentication summary: send only KEY ID the smallest KEY , do not carry KEY ID , the receiving party and KEY the list of all KEY match, as long as there is a can match on the pass authentication.

MD5 Authentication matching rules:

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Ciphertext Certification Summary: Send only the smallest KEY ID , and carry KEY ID . When received, only match the same key ID key First, if not match, then pass authentication. But if you don't have the same key ID, just look down the big key ID key, and if you have the same key ID, But does not match and does not pass the authentication, if still does not have the same KEY ID also does not pass the authentication.

Cycle Update: Routers periodically send out-of-routing updates

Trigger update: Routers usually do not periodically send routing updates, only in the case of the topology changes (that is, the routing changes), will send out the way out by the update.

RIP only makes periodic updates by default, and can be triggered by the following commands.

After using the trigger update:

• The router no longer periodically updates, only triggers the update.

• The timer will automatically change to timers basic 30 180 0 240

• Can only be played on the low-speed point-to-point link, E0 mouth is not able to taxi

int S0

IP RIP triggered (E0/lo0 not supported)

(both ends are fitted)

Debug IP Rip

To allow routers in a network to automatically obtain the default route, which allows access to the external network, we can use the routing protocol to automatically distribute the default route.

1) Redistribute Static:

IP route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0

Router RIP

Redistribute static

2) Network 0.0.0.0:

IP route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0 (write next hop not)

Router RIP

Network 0.0.0.0

3) Default-information originate:

Router RIP

Default-information originate

4) Default-network:

IP default-network 12.0.0.0 (written as main Class) #

If you write IP default-network 12.1.1.0, you can't.

Load Balancing

Load balancing means that multiple routes going to a particular destination are put into the routing table at the same time to make traffic forwarding.

There are two types of load balancing:

1, equivalent load balancing--the metric value of the same route into the routing table for traffic forwarding.

2, not equivalent load balance--The metric value is not equal to the route is also placed in the routing table for traffic forwarding.

· RIP only supports equivalent load balancing. That is, the routing metric used to do load balancing must be consistent.

• Default RIP supports only four path load balancing and can be changed to up to 16 commands in new iOS

Router RIP

Maximum-paths 2//up to 16 strips

show IP Protocols //Can be used to view

This article is from the "Ricky Technology Blog" blog, make sure to keep this source http://r1cky.blog.51cto.com/10646564/1773996

RIP of Dynamic routing protocol