Software Test Learning Note Week 7---Peer Review

Peer Review (peer review, also known as refereeing in some academic fields), or peer review , is an academic results review process whereby an author's academic work or plan is reviewed by other experts and scholars in the same field. The general academic publishing units are mainly peer-reviewed methods to choose and select the manuscript to be delivered or not, and academic research funding providers, also widely in the form of peer review to determine whether to grant funds, bonuses and so on.

The main purpose of the peer review process is to ensure that the author's work level conforms to the standards of the general academic and the subject area. The publication of books in many fields or the awarding of research bonuses, if not conducted in a peer-reviewed manner, may be more questionable, or even become the primary criterion for the publication or work to be called academic publications.

In simple terms,Peer Review is an expert in the field of multiple papers to be published to help editors determine whether an article is suitable for publication。 The following individuals briefly explain this system, process and limitations; Given that I am not a specialist in the field of journal Publishing, the answer will inevitably be inadequate, and if there are any problems, please point it out in time. At the same time, the situation and process of this answer are aimed at the upper and middle level journals of the natural sciences (especially chemistry and biology), and with a less accurate classification, it is basically a periodical of more than three districts in the SCI Division.

First of all, general academic journals will havean editor-in-chief and several associate editors in charge of different research directions, the process by which a paper is submitted to a journal and published after completion is generally as follows:
Author--Editor received manuscript--editor to forward the manuscript to a suitable deputy editor-in-chief editor will send the manuscript to the experts in the field of the paper to review--Deputy editor summary recommendations, comments on the paper-the paper was received, or modified to receive, or rejected.
In this process,by an associate editor, the paper is sent to a reviewer of two or more persons (refereeThe process of making their comments about whether the paper is suitable for publication is peer review。

Then introduce how peer review is conducted.
When the paper is submitted, the author will send a letter to the editor to briefly explain the importance of his thesis and why it is published in this journal, which is called "Cover letter". At the end of this letter,The author needs to suggest some reviewers.and provide their contact information for editing reference (in mathematics, it seems that the author does not need to provide reviewers, all by the editorial decision). In general, the editor chooses one of the reviewers suggested by these authors, and then chooses another reviewer for the peer review process based on their knowledge of the field. If the comments of the two reviewers are consistent, the deputy editor will generally use their opinions, and if the opinions are inconsistent, the deputy editor will generally choose a third reviewer as the arbiter. It is important to note thatPeer review is only a reference, the decision to whether the article is received and only in the Deputy editor。
By the way upload a related to the introduction for you to get a deeper understanding of Peer-review, this is Dr. Rainer Glaser give us a lesson in the courseware, you can find more knowledge on his homepage, share please indicate the source.

Next, write the specific process for peer review.
When the paper is submitted and forwarded to the Deputy Editor's office by the editor-in-chief, the Associate editor will make a simple judgment on the paper. If he thinks it's worth checking, it forwards the paper to two or more reviewers, and the Peer review process begins, and this process is also known as "To be resubmitted”。
It's important to note that during the process ofThe name of the author is public., that is to say, the reviewer can see who the author of the paper is;the reviewer is anonymous., the author will not know whose papers have been audited (this is limited to journals, and the conference papers, especially in the computer field, seem to be more of a double-blind peer review).
After the reviewer has commented on the paper, the comments are aggregated to the deputy Editor's office, and if the deputy editor does not decide to receive or reject the paper directly, hewill forward the reviewer's comments to the author and ask the author to respond to the comments, and revise the paper according to the opinion。 After the reply, the Peer review process is over, and the Associate editor will decide whether to accept the paper according to the author's reply. Although the reviewer will see the author's reply to him, in general he can no longer comment.

Finally, the problems and limitations of peer review system.

1. Because Peer Review's process is free , although reviewing a paper is a rather draining job, the editorial office does not pay for it, which makes some professors reluctant to spend too much effort in the process. The shell has a translation of the article, the link affixed to you for reference peer review how much more free? Comments @ Zhang Xu mentions nature contributions need to be reviewed, this I do not understand, if have to review the nature manuscript welcome, but still determined that this situation is a rare exception.
2. There are many reviewers who are not impartial and subjective when judging , which is one of the main reasons why the scientific community distinguishes factions and Latin America relations each other. Many times, the limits of whether some papers can be published in high-quality journals are rather vague, and the author's name is public, which makes the Peer review System flexible enough to operate . Some very common cases include, but are not limited to, the reviewer's care for acquaintances, and the reviewer's discrimination against the authors of certain countries. Because of this, the work-learning experience of the overseas Daniel Group is becoming more important, and when a writer is familiar with many peers, it is more likely to get positive reviews in peer review. The result has also led to a significant portion of high-quality journals that have little to no meaning, and that some excellent papers can only be published in inferior journals.
3. As mentioned earlier,Peer Review is for reference only, and the decision of the deputy editor is the key factor . In the process of reviewing the thesis, the deputy editor's right is too big, and the peer review is not a transparent process, there is the possibility of black-box operation.

• An example might be easier to understand. Assuming that an author has a paper submission, but the deputy editor himself is doing the work and is about to complete, or the deputy editor of the author himself biased, then the deputy editor can simultaneously send the paper to a number of reviewers, and then ignore the agreed opinion, The objection of the reviewer is sent to the author and as a basis for rejecting the paper, this is the reality of the situation has occurred.
• Let me give you an example. A professor in the previous period, at the time of submission, cover letter at the end of the recommended reviewer contact email address is changed to their own registered similar email address, and then review their own papers ...

Software Test Learning Note Week 7---Peer Review