[Turn] English essay writing skills-3

English Essay Writing Skills-3 (special considerations in the use of the word) feel useful, welcome to discuss Mutual learning ~follow Me

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Use words to be accurate

• Each scientific term has its own specific meaning and is accurate to use.

  Use of inference terms
• From the experimental observation and data to the conclusion of the reasoning process, in the relationship between facts and theory may be from the "same ... Consistency "," expression "," proof "and other strong and weak relations, in the choice of words to be reasonable. the commonly used words in English are compatible with, imply, suggest, indicate, show, prove. This is basically a sequence from weak to strong.
  • is compatible with (compatible), is consistent with (and ... Consistent), the line with (compliant) representation is a reasonable explanation, not contradictory, but there may be other explanations.
  • imply (meaning), suggest (suggest) supports the present conclusion, which is more reasonable than others, but it cannot be proved that this is the conclusion.
  • Indicate (shown), show (show), demonstrate (show) is more certain, indicating almost this conclusion. Other possibilities are small, but not entirely proven.

  • Prove is absolutely certain that there is no other possibility. This is rarely the case in scientific research. Use prove to pay special attention.

    Terminology and contextual terms should be kept consistent

• The thesis should be consistent with the word from beginning to end

  Try to be less shorthand

• The author is familiar with the shorthand, the reader does not necessarily know, so should try to use less shorthand. When required, it is appropriate to use parentheses after the first full name appears. For example, convolutional neural Networks convolutional neural Network (CNN) should be marked with this shorthand name when it first appears

  Don't use acronyms.

• In formal writing, do not use the language such as didn ' t, don ' t, can ' t, haven ' t .... should be written in full form, did not, does not, cannot (a word), has not ...

  Avoid using slang

• Although the authors of non-English-speaking countries are not very good at distinguishing what slang is, be careful not to use a lot like a, sort of, pretty good ... the oral language

  Often used, but prone to the wrong words above

• Often used to refer to the previous mentioned, "as described above, as discussed above" "" in front of methods, the above method "and so on. But above is not sure to use easily, read difficult to understand, easy to cause expression unclear.

  Former latter

• Similar words, former and latter, should be avoided because of misunderstandings.

  Adapt,adept,adopt

• Adapt is a verb, adapted; Adept is an adjective, skillful; Adopt is a verb, used.

  Affect, Effect, Impact
• Affect is a verb that affects (influence) meaning.
• Effect is a noun, which is the consequence (result), meaning of the influence

• Impact when impacts, collisions, natural science of different parameters of the interaction generally not use impact to describe, with affect or influence more appropriate.

  Agree To,agree with
• Agree to is agreed

• Agree with is consistent

  Alternate, Alternative
• Alternate are alternating, taking turns.

• Alternative is another, the choice of

  And and But
• and is a very useful word. It is one of the most frequently used connectives that can be connected to similar words, phrases or sentences. Words, phrases or sentences connected by and are interrelated but separate. When you arrange more than three words, the last word is preceded by a comma.
  • And before you can add commas
  • It is generally thought that a comma is an American notation before and a comma is the English notation.
  • When connecting sentences with and if two sentences are simple, the middle can be separated by commas, but a comma is also correct.
  • Two more complex sentences must be separated by commas to facilitate reading and comprehension.
  • It is also possible to start a sentence with and. and serves as a connection to a number of related and parallel descriptions.

• But the usage is similar to and, except that the sentences it connects are contrasting and opposite.

  Apparently (apparent)
• There are obvious, Obvious,clear and seemingly, seeming two kinds of usage. What is the type of argument, the content of the sentence before and after may be a hint. In the case of uncertainty, should avoid the use, choose Obvious or seeming better

• Apparently is also the same, choose obviously or seemingly

  Appear

• Appear has "appeared, to come into view" and "like, seem" two kinds of lectures, generally in scientific and technological papers, when "like, seem" of the FA to use more.

  As
• As there are many different ways of saying that it has the use of causality, similar to because and since. But as the causal relationship is the weakest, since in the middle, because causality is the most clear. So don't use as to denote causality. Use because or since.
• As is used to denote "the same", "like ... Same ".
  • The genetically engineered apple tastes as good as the natural one.
• As when "in ... , when "speak

  • As the snow started to melt, the team went back into the forest to collect samples.

    Average, mean, median

• Average and mean are mean, mean is a mathematical term. Median is the middle value in a series.

  Because, Because of
• Using because to express causality is the most clear. Because write a sentence behind, Because of the back with a noun.

• For and since the causal relationship is weaker, when using since, it is often emphasized that the situation, time, location, etc. have the meaning of "since" in Chinese. As represents the weakest causal relationship.

  Below

• As with above, it should be avoided by means of ambiguity.

  Beside, besides

• Beside is "in ... Next to ", besides is" besides ... ”.

  Between, among

• Between is between two persons or things, among is more than two persons or things between.

  But
• Like and, but is a commonly used conjunction. It connects sentences with contrasting and opposite meanings. In connection with the simple two sentences, it does not affect the smooth sentence, but can not add a comma before.
  • He felt better but does not fully recover after taking the medicine.
• Connect two long sentences, but before you add a comma, divide the two sentences.
  • Scientists spent months to figure out why the satellite didn't not reach it orbit, but they never find the truth.
• But it can also be placed at the beginning of a sentence.
  • For a long time people realize there have to is a natural ligand for the cannabinoid receptor. But it identity was only elucidated recently.
• It's not right to separate but with commas.

  • But,its identity was only elucidated recently.

    Cannot

• Cannot is a word that can not be written cannot

  Case

• Case is just a matter of filling space (filler), which is meaningless. Avoid using phrases like "in the case"

  Compare with, Compare to

• Compare with is the meaning of the comparison, while Compare to is the meaning of the analogy.

  Compose, consist, comprise
• Compose when "composition, composition" Speaks, is transitive verb. Generally used "XXX is composed of xxx" form. For example: An atom is composed of a nucleus and a defined number of electrons .
• consist when "there is ... The composition "speaking, is intransitive verb." Generally in the form of "XXX consists of xxx". such as: An atom consists of a nucleus and a defined number of electrons.

• comprise when "including" speaking, there is also "by ... The meaning of "composition". What is the usage, it is easy to understand, so simply don't use the word

  Continual,continuous

• Continual are often occurring, continuous are continuous and uninterrupted

  correlated with, correlated to

• Correlate with (having associations to find out one by one corresponding relationships) is the correct usage, correlate to is wrong. Related to (with ... Relevant) is correct.

  Different from, Different than

• The difference between things with different from, the characters between different with different than. Different from cannot be written Different than.

  Due to

• Due to is "attributable to ..." Or "by ... (caused by). The latter is different from the noun, the because of the word. But due to the meaning of causality. If you are not sure, you should avoid using due to, because of or caused by.

  Equipment (equipment Equipment)

• Both the singular and the plural are equipment, without equipments.

  Few, a Few

• Few is very little, emphasizing not much, there is no meaning of negation. A few is also very few, but the emphasis is somewhat, though not much, to have a definite meaning. Few describes a number of nouns, little describes the name of an irreducible noun. The usage of Little,a Little is similar to that of Few,a few.

  Flammable, inflammable, nonflammable

• Flammable, inflammable are flammable. Nonflammable is the opposite of them.

  Following
• Following is an adjective that says, "then, the following."
  The behavior of the mouse is carefully monitored in the following days.

• It can also be a noun form of the verb follow.
  Following the flood, many wild lives found new habitant.

  Minimal, trivial

• The Minimal is the smallest, the trivial is slight and unimportant.

  Percent,percentage,percentile

• The Percent follows the number, replacing the%,57 Percent (57%). Percentage are percentages, percentage cannot be used with numbers. Small percentage or large percentage can be said. Percentile is a statistical term that indicates the probability of things appearing in 100 groups.

  Proven

• Proven is an adjective, proved is a past tense.

  Provided that

• Provided that connection Word, (if). Providing is now participle.

  Remainder, remaining

• Can be said to be the "rest"

  Since

• Have "ever since ..." The meaning of time, can also be used to indicate causality, see because.

  subsequently (subsequently), consequently (therefore)

• Subsequently represents a chronological order, and consequently represents a logical result.

  Such as

• Generally separated from the main sentence with a comma, when the such as the following the arrangement of the noun only 1-2, do not affect the smooth sentence, you can not separate the comma. Arrange things and concepts to be equal.
  Heavy metals such as lead is especially toxic to children.
  The river was heavily polluted with heavy metals, such as leads, mercury, and cadmium.

  Than
• Use than to compare two objects to match

• Some words represent the final state and cannot be compared. Some of these words have full,absolute,complete,unique,extinct,permanent,universal, etc.

  That, which
• That/which are often used to guide modifier clauses. If the modifier clauses can be omitted without affecting the integrity of the sentence, that is, non-restrictive clauses, with which, and using commas to separate the modified clauses from the main sentence
  The recovered dogs, which were treated with antibiotics, is released.
• If the modifier clauses can not be omitted, that is, the restrictive clauses, then use that, and not separated by commas
  Dogs that were treated with antibiotics recovered.

• The role of restrictive and non-restrictive clauses in sentences is very different. In the first sentence, it means "recovered dogs", there is no other dog. The second sentence says that in addition to "dogs that were treated with antibiotics", there are other dogs.

  Toward, towards

• Toward, the use of towards is the same. The United States with toward, the United Kingdom with towards.

  Use, using, utilize, employ
• We often use this word when we write, but using it often results in inconsistencies with the subject noun of the main clause and should be avoided. Can be substituted with or by.
• Using the reductive reaction, reducing power of VC was examined.
  • Change to: The reducing power of VC is examined with the reductive reaction.

• Utilize is the use, the effective use of the meaning, different from using. cannot be substituted for each other.
  Employ employ persons to engage in ....

  While

• While it can be used to make a connection word that represents time, "when ... . It can also be used to denote the inflection and logic of the junction words, when "However, though," said. In order to avoid the ambiguity, use when or although to replace better.

[Turn] English essay writing skills-3