(Author: Cao Wenrong, Weisen) at present, the development of Web server has three major trends: 1. From HTML to XML (extensible Markup language-Extensible Markup Language) HTML is called "first-generation Web language", as described earlier, HTML as the Web development language, has played a key role in the development of Web applications. But HTML has a fatal disadvantage: it is only suitable for communication between people and computers, not for computer and computer communication. HTML defines how the content of a document is represented by a large number of tags, and it simply describes how to lay out text and graphics on a Web browser page without describing the meaning of the Internet's information itself, which is the most important part of the Web application. The text and graphic content displayed through HTML are easily understood, but are not conducive to computer programs to understand. Another problem with HTML is that the set of tags is fixed, the user cannot add tags according to their needs, and the specifications of the various browsers are different, so that our HTML-made pages can be displayed by all browsers, we can only use the World Wide Web Association to create a Web page. As mentioned above, the Web server to the Web browser to provide information from a certain structure of the database, in the database, for the convenience of retrieval and management, the information according to its own meaning (such as name, age, work unit, etc.) is stored in the corresponding field, once the data is recalled, through the CGI, ASP, JSP, PHP and other converted into HTML, its original meaning can not be transferred to HTML tags, users can not be in accordance with the meaning of the information to read. And, because of the different operating system and database, it is very difficult to understand each other's data format between different system and application level. This requires a new technology or standard to be able to share the original data structures originally stored in the database server at different system levels. This new technology is XML. Using XML can solve the above problems. The paper describes XML as follows: "XML describes a class of data objects called XML documents, and partly describes the behavior of the computer program that handles them. XML is an application example of SGML. Structurally, XML documents conform to SGML document standards. "Like HTML, XML is also a text-based markup language that is developed from SGML (Standard Generalize Markup Language, the standardized Universal Markup language), and the difference is that XML allows us to act on the document we want to represent, The freedom to define tags to represent meaningful document content, for example, we can define markup that is meaningful, such as the document name 〉〈/document name. and XML is not like HTMLThat has a fixed set of tokens, which is actually a language of definition, meaning that users of XML can define infinite tags to describe any data element in the document and organize the contents of the document into a rich and complete information system. In general, XML has four main features: easy-to-store data formats, scalability, highly structured, and convenient network transmissions, which provide a new starting point for creating open, efficient, scalable, personalized Web applications. 2. From Wired to wireless e-commerce is moving from desktops to a wider range of wireless devices, cahners In-stat market analysts predict that the number of wireless users worldwide will increase from 271 million in 2000 to 1.3 billion in 2004. Aberdeen Group research director Darcy Fowkes that the advantages of using wireless e-commerce is not only convenient, it can also save the company's financial resources, and mobile office can make work more efficient. However, due to the complexity of multiple wireless network types, markup languages, protocols, and wireless devices, it is not easy to convert network content and data into a format that can be recognized by wireless devices. Today, many companies are working to develop products that extend applications and Internet content to wireless devices. For example, IBM's new version of WebSphere transcoding Publisher 3.5 adds and improves many new features that translate data from intranet to multiple wireless devices. New features in this release include support for more wireless devices, data formats, and language translation capabilities. It is based on a Java architecture that transforms applications and data written in markup languages such as HTML and XML into formats that can be recognized by wireless devices such as WML, HDML (handheld device Markup Language), and imode, so that The information on the Internet can be accessed via handheld devices. Wireless device manufacturers mobilize also launched mobilize commerce products to help businesses get into wireless networks. The software can access the internal system of the enterprise via wireless connection, and make the order sending and confirming by remote way. Mobilize commerce can make full use of XML to format the information for wireless devices, including laptops, personal digital assistants, cordless telephones, VoIP phones, and two-way paging. 3. From silent to sound the world now has 1 billion telephone terminals, with more than 200 million mobile phones. In terms of people's own communication habits, people are also more willing to use the oral way of listening and speaking to communicate. At present, the research work of text-to-speech converter (Tts,text to Speech) has made great progress and realized the automaticThe language analysis understands and allows TTS users to add more rhythm, tones in speech, making TTS systems more vocal. In the field of automatic speech recognition system (ASR), the automatic speech recognition system develops from the imitation of the whole word to the identification system of the phoneme level. The Glossary of the Automatic speech recognition system consists of an alphabet based on a sound fragment, and the vocabulary is restricted by different languages. In this way, in a wide range of voices, speech can be identified and identified by the recognition system. And, when recognizing a word, each phoneme will be extracted from the input of the system, and the stitching is then compared with the existing phonemes and Word templates to produce the required templates. The identification of phonemes greatly reduces the dependency of ASR on the speaker and makes it very easy to build large and easily modified speech recognition dictionaries to meet the needs of different application markets. The other aspect of Web voice development is the progress of voicexml (voice extensible Markup language-Speech Extensible Markup Language). The main goal of VoiceXML is to have a large number of applications and rich content available on the web, so that the interactive voice interface can be fully enjoyed. The Web server processes a request from the client application, which is processed in the context of the VoiceXML interpreter and the VoiceXML interpreter, and in response, the server generates a VoiceXML file that is processed by the VoiceXML interpreter during the reply. The VoiceXML 1.0 specification is XML-based, providing an intelligent API for developers, service providers, and device manufacturers of voice and telephony applications. VoiceXML's standardization simplifies the creation of a personalized interface with voice response services on the web, enabling people to access information and services on the web through voice and telephone, retrieving the central database like today's CGI scripts, accessing the Intranet, and making new voice-access devices. VoiceXML's execution platform loads the appropriate software and hardware, such as ASR, TTS, for speech recognition and conversion between text and speech. May 23, 2000, the Voice Extensible Markup Language VoiceXML 1.0 was accepted as an example. At present, IBM, Nokia, Lucent, Motorola and other well-known manufacturers have developed a corresponding support VoiceXML products, but now the ASR and TTS systems are mostly not supported in Chinese.
http://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/532196.html www.bkjia.com true http://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/532196.html techarticle (Author: Cao Wenrong, Weisen) at present, the development of Web server has three major trends: 1. From HTML to XML (extensible Markup language-Extensible Markup Language) HTML is called " ...
