What is CPU architecture?

The CPU architecture is a specification set by the CPU manufacturer for the same series of CPU products. The main purpose is to distinguish different types of CPU. Currently, the CPU on the market is mainly divided into two camps: one is the intel series CPU and the other is the amd series CPU. Two CPUs of different brands have different product architectures. Currently, common intel series CPU products include socket 423, socket 478, and socket 775; amd cpu products have common architectures such as socket A, socket 754, socket 939, and socket 940. (Shenmeshi.cn collection)

X86 architecture

Although the above said by the processor architecture, the term itself is mainly four kinds of arguments, namely, IA-32, IA-64, x86-32, x86-64, but in fact they belong to two categories, IA-32, x86-32, x86-64 are all x86, Intel's 32-bit X86 architecture, x86-64 is AMD's new architecture in its latest athlon 64 processor series, but this processor infrastructure is still IA-32 (because Intel's X86 architecture does not apply for patent protection, so the vast majority of processor manufacturers in order to maintain compatibility with Intel's mainstream processor, all have to adopt this X86 architecture), but some extensions are made on this architecture to support 64-bitProgramTo further improve the computing performance of the processor. Compared to Intel's 64-bit server processor products, the x86-64 has the biggest advantage of being fully compatible with the previous 32-bit X86 architecture applications, protection is based on users' previous investments. Intel's itanium and itanium 2 series Processors need to be compatible with the previous 32-bit programs through software or hardware.

Because of this, later we see such as IA-32, x86-32, x86-64 to be clear, in fact they are a type, all belong to the X86 architecture. For example, Intel's 32-bit server Xeon (Xeon) processor series, AMD's full range, and via's full range of processor products all belong to the X86 architecture.

IA-64

IA-64 architecture is intel in order to comprehensively improve the operational performance of the previous IA-32 bit processor, is Intel and HP jointly developed a 6-year 64-bit CPU architecture, it is a brand new processor architecture designed for the server market. It abandoned the previous X86 architecture and considered it seriously hindered the performance improvement of the processor. Its initial application was Intel's itanium series server processor. Now the latest itanium 2 series processor also uses this architecture. Because it cannot effectively solve the compatibility with the previous 32-bit application, the application is greatly restricted. Although intel has adopted various soft and hard methods to make up for this deficiency, but with the full investment in amd operon processors, Intel's IA-64 architecture's prospects for these two processors are not optimistic.

RISC architecture

In addition to the two types of server processors in the IA architecture described above, there is also a mainstream processor architecture, it can also be referred to as the "RISC" (in fact, it is a type of division by processor command execution mode ). The architecture is still used by IBM, sun, and HP. However, in recent years, due to the incomplete uniformity of the processor architecture standards, the development and application of the processor are very slow, the vast majority of the original medium-and high-end server market has been divided by the IA architecture by most of the country, which has become increasingly declining. At present, even these server manufacturers have begun to give up on their own, switch to IA, and launch more and more Ia architecture servers to survive.

Currently, the main server processors using this architecture include IBM power4, Compaq Alpha 21364, HP PA-8X00, sun's ultrasparc III, SGI's MIPS 64 20kc, etc.