Windows/XP startup process details

Windows/XP is an excellent operating system. It is powerful, secure, and stable, and is favored by many computer users. However, during the use process, we obviously feel that the startup time is much longer than that of Windows 98, which is a better test of human patience than Windows 98. So in this tolerable but intolerable time, do not worry about what the system has done. Let's take a look at why it is so fast. On intel-based computers, Windows/XP can be started in five steps: pre-start, start, load the kernel, initialize the kernel, and log on to the user. I. pre-boot first, the computer is powered on for self-check, and the BIOS (that is, the Basic Input and Output System) completes the basic hardware configuration, and then reads the hard disk MBR (Master Boot Record) check the hard disk partition table to determine the boot partition, and transfer the Operating System Boot Sector on the boot partition to the memory for execution. The ntldr file is executed here. * Windows/XP supports multiple startup modes. During installation, it first saves the existing operating system boot sector as bootsect. DOS file (located in the root directory of the active partition), and modify the system boot sector so that the ntldr file can be loaded when the system starts, so as to achieve the purpose of multiple boot. Windows 98 does not have this function. Therefore, if Windows 2000/XP is installed first and then Windows 98 is installed, the boot records of Windows/XP are damaged, And/XP cannot be started. Ii. Start 1. Start the process first. ntldr will convert the processor from the real mode to the 32-bit protection mode. 2. Read the boot. ini file. The file is located in the root directory of the active partition. It enables the system to display a selection menu during startup. The user selects the operating system to be started. If you choose to start Windows2000/XP, ntldr continues to guide the following process. If you choose NOT Windows2000/XP, ntldr reads the copy of the System Boot Sector, botsect. DOS, and transfers it to start the corresponding system. * [Boot loader] is the operating system loader, which specifies the default wait time and operating system for the system to choose from. It can be manually modified or modified in the control panel. For the sake of insurance, it is recommended to modify it in the control panel. Choose Control Panel> system> advanced> Start and fault recovery to change the settings. (Another method in Windows XP is to run msconfig (practical system configuration ). Program ). [Operating systems] specifies the list of operating systems. The content displayed in the list is enclosed by double quotation marks, which can be modified at will to make it more personalized. * A statement in the format of multi (0) disk (0) RDISK (0) Partition (1) is called the arc path. Its format is Multi () -- specify the disk controller (if it is a SCSI controller, replace it with SCSI (); disk () -- specify the SCSI device number (the value of Multi is always 0); RDISK () -- specify the ID of the IDE device (this is ignored for SCSI); partition () -- specify the Partition Number. Except that the Partition Number starts from 1, the other numbers start from 0. The parameter/fastdetect indicates that serial mouse detection is disabled, which is the default value. There are also several common parameters: maxmem -- specify the available memory capacity of Windows2000/XP; basevideo -- use standard VGA to display the driver; noguiboot -- do not display the graphic screen during startup; SOS -- display the name when loading the device driver. * The Chinese font in the operating system selection menu is provided by the bootfont. binfile located in the root directory of the active partition. 3. The system loads the ntdetect. com file. It detects machine hardware, such as parallel ports and display adapters, and returns the collected hardware list to ntldr for registration and storage in the registry. 4. If Windows/XP has multiple hardware configuration files, select the menu and wait for the user to confirm the hardware configuration file to be used. Otherwise, skip this step to enable the default configuration. * A hardware configuration file is a system file that stores computer-specific hardware configurations. You can create multiple hardware configuration files to meet your computer's needs in different scenarios. You can choose Control Panel> system> hardware configuration file to modify the configuration file. Iii. Start loading windows/XP kernel ntoskrnl. EXE during the kernel boot process. This file is located in the System32 folder under the Windows2000/XP installation folder. Then, the hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is loaded by the pilot process to complete this step. * Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): hides the hardware interface details of a specific platform, provides a virtual hardware platform for the operating system, so that it has hardware independence and can be transplanted on multiple platforms. 4. initialize the kernel. ntldr transfers control to the Windows2000/XP kernel. The latter starts to load and initialize the device driver, and starts the Win32 subsystem and the Windows2000/XP service. 5. log on to start the logon process. Start Winlogon. EXE by the Win32 subsystem, and start Local Security Authority (LSASS. EXE) to display the logon dialog box. After a user logs on, Windows2000/XP will continue to configure the network device and user environment. Finally, with the voice of Microsoft and the personalized desktop we are familiar with, the long start process of Windows/XP has finally been completed. Oh, are you asleep? Wake up. The system is successfully started. What should you do now?