Linux Standard directory structure

Beginner Linux, you need to understand the Linux standard directory structure first

/

• Root---Some of the core files used when starting Linux. such as operating system kernel, boot program grub and so on.
• Home---Store personal files for ordinary users
  • FTP---User-owned services
  • httpd
  • Samba
  • User1
  • User2
• Bin---execution file (binary) required for system startup
• Sbin---executable program directories, but most of them contain commands that involve system administration. Only root privileges can be performed
• Proc---Virtual, there is a Linux kernel image, save all kernel parameters and system configuration information
  • 1---process number
• USR---user directory, storing user-level files
  • Bin---commands used by almost all users, in addition to the presence of/bin,/usr/local/bin
  • Sbin---system administrator commands, related to users, for example, most server programs
  • Include---the directory where C + + header files are stored
  • LIB---fixed program data
  • Local---Where to save the locally installed software
  • Man---manual-generated directory
  • Info---information document
  • Doc---Different package document information
  • Tmp
  • X11R6---This directory is used to save all the files that are required to run X-window. The directory also contains the configuration files and binaries that are used to run the GUI.
  • X386---Features with x11r6,x11 release 5 system files
• Boot---Boot loader required files, the system needs the picture saved in this
• LIB---the common library of programs and core modules under the root file system directory
  • Modules---loadable module, reboot required module after system crash
• Dev---device file directory
• ETC---configuration file
  • Skel---Home directory, this directory is initialized
  • Sysconfig---network, time, keyboard and other configuration directory
• Var
  • File
  • Lib---Files in this directory will change when the system is running
  • Local---Program data installed in the/usr/local, changing the
  • Lock---File is locked with a specific peripheral or file and other files are temporarily inaccessible
  • Log---Logging
  • Run---system running legitimate information
  • Spool---printer, mail, proxy server, etc. spool directory
  • Tmp
  • Catman---cache directory
• MNT---A temporary place to mount the file system. In general, this directory is empty, and when we are going to mount the partition, we will set up a directory in this directory, and then mount the device we are going to access in this directory so that we can access the file.
• TMP---Temp file directory, temporary files after system startup are stored in/var/tmp
• Lost+found---Files recovered during file system repair

/: root directory, directory only, general root directory, do not store files,/etc,/bin,/dev,/lib,/sbin should and root directory placed in a partition

/bin:/usr/bin: A directory that executes binary files, such as common commands ls, tar, MV, Cat, and so on.

/boot: Place some files that are used by the Linux system when it is started. /boot/vmlinuz is the kernel file for Linux, as well as/boot/gurb. Recommended separate partition, partition size 100M

/dev: Store the device files under the Linux system and access a file in that directory, equivalent to accessing a device, which is commonly used to mount the optical drive mount/dev/cdrom/mnt.

/etc: the directory where the system configuration file is stored, the executable file is not recommended in this directory, the important configuration files are/etc/inittab,/etc/fstab,/ETC/INIT.D,/etc/x11,/etc/sysconfig,/etc/ Xinetd.d remember to back up before modifying the configuration file.

Note:/etc/x11 stores settings related to x Windows.

/home: The Default User House directory, when adding user accounts, the user's home directory is stored in this directory, ~ represents the current user's home directory, ~test represents the user test home directory. It is recommended to separate partitions and set up a large disk space for user-friendly data storage

/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib: The system uses the library's directory, the program in the execution process, need to call some additional parameters when the function library assistance, the more important directory is/lib/modules.

/lost+fount: When a system exception is generated, some missing fragments are placed in this directory, which usually appears automatically in the Appliance directory. If the hard drive is loaded in/disk, the directory will be automatically generated in this directory/disk/lost+found

/mnt:/media: cd default mount point, usually the disc is mounted under/mnt/cdrom, or not necessarily, you can choose any location to mount.

/OPT: A directory for the host to install additional software. For example: The Fedora Community development software used by FC4, if you want to install new KDE desktop software yourself, you can install the software in this directory. In the previous Linux system, it is customary to place it in the/usr/local directory

/proc: This directory data are in memory, such as system core, external device, network status, because the data are stored in memory, so do not occupy disk space, the more important directory has/proc/cpuinfo,/proc/interrupts,/PROC/DMA,/proc /ioports,/proc/net/*, etc.

/root: System administrator Root home directory, the system first boot partition is/, so it is best to put/root and//placed under a partition.

/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin: Place executable commands that the system administrator uses, such as Fdisk, Shutdown, Mount, and so on. Unlike/bin, these directories are commands for the root of the system administrator, and the average user can only "view" and not be set up and used.

/tmp: The directory where the files are temporarily stored by the general user or the program being executed, accessible to anyone, important data cannot be placed in this directory

/SRV: The data directory that needs to be accessed after the service starts, such as the Web page data that the WWW service needs to store within/SRV/WWW

/usr: The application holds the directory,/usr/bin stores the application,/usr/share stores the shared data,/usr/lib storage cannot run directly, but is necessary for many programs to run some library files. /usr/local: Store the software upgrade package. /usr/share/doc: System description file storage directory. /usr/share/man: Program Description file directory, the use of man LS will query/usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz content recommended separate partition, set a large disk space

/var: Place files that change frequently during the execution of the system, such as log files that change at any time/var/log,/var/log/message: All login Files directory,/var/spool/mail: Mail storage directory,/var/run: After the program or service starts, its PID is stored in the directory. It is recommended to separate partitions to set large disk space

References

1. Linux Directory Structure

2. Linux ' s directory structure

3. Linux directory structure

Linux Standard directory structure