Linux Kernel compilation tutorial

Linux Kernel compilation tutorial

Compile Linux-kernel 4.14.14 and use Ubuntu 16.04 64-bit system.

The kernel-4.14.14 kernel File is about 96 MB. After decompression, the linux-4.14.14 directory is about 900 MB. Switch to the unzipped linux-4.14.14 file directory in the terminal and execute the following command:

1. config

Copy the current system compilation configuration in the/usr/src directory.

$ ls /usr/src/linux-headers-4.10.0-35          linux-headers-4.8.0-36          linux-headers-4.10.0-35-generic  linux-headers-4.8.0-36-generic

The. config file exists in the linux-headers-*-generic Directory and copies it to the linux-4.14.14 directory.

linux-4.14.14$ cp /usr/src/linux-headers-4.10.0-35-generic/.config .

2. Compile the configuration

Possible problems

$ make menuconfig  *** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the *** required header files. *** 'make menuconfig' requires the ncurses libraries. ***  *** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again. *** scripts/kconfig/Makefile:202: recipe for target 'scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog' failedmake[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog] Error 1Makefile:543: recipe for target 'menuconfig' failedmake: *** [menuconfig] Error 2

An error occurred while compiling. If the ncurses library is missing, install it.

# Prompt not to find the ncurses-devel package # sudo apt-get install ncurses-develsudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

After installation, run the command again. Select [load]-> [OK]-> [Save]-> [OK]-> [EXIT]-> [EXIT]

$ make menuconfig      HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/mconf.o  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/mconfscripts/kconfig/mconf  Kconfig

Configuration result

3. Compile the kernel

Compile Boot Image

The compilation process is time-consuming. In the-jN part, the greater N, the faster the compilation speed. Of course, do not exceed the upper limit of your machine. It takes about 10 minutes to compile the entire kernel.

make bzImage -j256

Two possible problems:

Makefile:942: *** "Cannot generate ORC metadata for CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC=y, please install libelf-dev, libelf-devel or elfutils-libelf-devel".  Stop.

If the corresponding library is missing, install sudo apt-get install libelf-dev.

fatal error: openssl/opensslv.h: No such file or directory 

If openssl is not installed, install openssl: sudo apt-get install libssl-dev first.

Compilation Module

Run make modules-j256 directly.

4. Install the kernel

The process of installing the kernel is much faster, which is similar to the installation of software in the general software installation package.

First install the module

root # make modules_install

Then install the kernel.

root # make install

After the installation is complete, the corresponding kernel-related files will be generated in/boot. After the restart, on the boot guide page, We will select the boot kernel, in this case, we can choose the default 4.10 kernel or the latest 4.14 kernel that has just been compiled and installed.

5. Change to start grub

Grub is a program for managing Ubuntu system startup. We need to set the compiled kernel as the default running item and modify the corresponding grub, which is actually quite simple.
View Current:

$ cat /proc/version  Linux version 4.10.0-35-generic (buildd@lcy01-33) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) ) #39~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 13 09:02:42 UTC 2017$cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep 4.10....

[Not practical]

mkinitramfs 4.14.14 -o /boot/initrd.img-4.14.14update-grub2

The update-grub2 command will automatically modify grub for us